北疆绿洲区土壤盐渍化时空演变特征及影响因子分析

doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2026.08.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了明确2010—2023年北疆绿洲区土壤盐渍化时空演变特征及其驱动机制,基于2010年和2023年土壤盐分实测数据、Landsat遥感影像及多源环境因子数据,构建随机森林（RF）、极限梯度提升树（XGBoost）、支持向量机（SVM）和偏最小二乘回归（PLS）4种土壤盐分含量(SSC)反演模型。结合盐渍化等级转移矩阵与随机森林特征重要性分析,揭示土壤盐渍化时空演变规律及主要影响因子。结果表明,以Red、SI5、kNDVI、SDI、SAIO和WI为输入变量构建的RF模型综合拟合能力最优。2010—2023年,北疆绿洲区土壤盐渍化呈改善趋势,具体表现为非盐渍化区扩展、极重度盐渍化区面积缩减以及高等级盐渍化向低等级转移;然而,局部绿洲边缘、灌区末端及排水不畅区仍面临盐渍化加重风险。主导影响因子由2010年的地形背景约束转变为2023年的气候水热条件与土壤属性共同作用。土壤温度虽在两期均为重要单因子,但其重要性贡献率略有下降;而土壤因子整体的重要性贡献率略有上升。北疆绿洲区土壤盐渍化总体改善,但局部边缘区仍存在再积盐风险;其减轻过程主要受气候驱动的土壤水热变化与灌排调节、土地整理等人类农业活动共同驱动。

关键词: 土壤盐渍化, 时空演变特征, 影响因子, 土壤盐分含量, 绿洲区, 北疆

Abstract: To clarify the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics and driving mechanisms of soil salinization in the oasis area of northern Xinjiang from 2010 to 2023, this study constructed four soil salt content (SSC) inversion models, namely random forest (RF), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), support vector machine (SVM), and partial least squares regression (PLS), based on measured soil salt data from 2010 and 2023, Landsat remote sensing images, and multi-source environmental factor data. By combining the salinization grade transfer matrix with random forest feature importance analysis, the spatiotemporal evolution pattern of soil salinization and the main influencing factors were revealed. The results indicated that the RF model constructed with Red, SI5, kNDVI, SDI, SAIO, and WI as input variables had the best comprehensive fitting performance. From 2010 to 2023, soil salinization in the oasis area of northern Xinjiang showed an improving trend, specifically manifested as the expansion of non-salinized areas, the reduction of extremely severe salinized areas, and the transfer from high-grade to low-grade salinization; however, local oasis edges, downstream ends of irrigation districts, and areas with poor drainage still faced the risk of aggravated salinization. The dominant influencing factors shifted from topographic background constraints in 2010 to the combined effects of climatic hydrothermal conditions and soil properties in 2023. Soil temperature remained an important individual factor in both periods, albeit with a slight decline in its relative importance contribution; in contrast, the relative importance contribution of soil factors overall showed a slight increase. Soil salinization in the oasis area of northern Xinjiang improved overall, but local marginal areas still faced the risk of salt re-accumulation; the mitigation process was mainly driven by climate-induced changes in soil moisture and temperature, together with human agricultural activities such as irrigation and drainage regulation and land consolidation.

Key words: soil salinization, spatiotemporal evolution characteristics, influencing factors, soil salt content, oasis area, northern Xinjiang

中图分类号:

S156.4
TP79

毕延安, 史名杰, 刘文惠, 武红旗, 李云皓, 赵佳豪, 钟瑞宏. 北疆绿洲区土壤盐渍化时空演变特征及影响因子分析[J]. 湖北农业科学, 2026, 65(8): 37-49.

BI Yan-an, SHI Ming-jie, LIU Wen-hui, WU Hong-qi, LI Yun-hao, ZHAO Jia-hao, ZHONG Rui-hong. Spatiotemporal evolution characteristics and influencing factor analysis of soil salinization in the oasis area of northern Xinjiang[J]. HUBEI AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, 2026, 65(8): 37-49.

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