高密度配合重化控处理对中早熟直播棉花生长发育和催熟效应的影响

doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.07.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探索中早熟棉花品种在油菜收获后直播条件下的最佳群体结构及其配套化控技术,以中早熟棉花品种为试材,采用裂区设计,探讨高密度（6.0万、9.0万、12.0万和15.0万株/hm²）配合重化控（全生育期每公顷分别喷施有效成分98%的DPC360、540 g）技术下油菜收获后直播棉花的生长发育特征以及不同处理的化学脱叶催熟效应。结果表明,在试验密度和化控量范围内,随着密度的增大和化控量的增加,主茎变细、始果枝高度上移、中部和上部果枝缩短,单株干物质积累减少,其中密度因素的影响大于化控量的影响。密度和化控量及其互作对单位面积成铃数影响不显著;随着密度的增大,单株铃数和单铃重逐渐减少,化控量增加能够使衣分降低而使子指增大;随着密度的增大和化控量的增加,棉花的自然吐絮进程缓慢,在各处理中以密度9.0万株/hm²配合DPC360 g/hm²全程化控子棉产量最高。密度和化控量及其互作对喷施脱叶催熟剂的棉花脱叶效果没有显著影响,对最终的吐絮率影响不显著,对基础吐絮率小的催熟效果更明显。综合各方面因素, 在长江流域鄱阳湖植棉区,中早熟棉花品种油菜收获后直播的适宜密度为9.0万株/hm²左右,全生育期喷施DPC进行化控要根据棉花长势、气候条件少量多次进行,全生育期以不超过360 g/hm²为宜。

关键词: 棉花, 直播, 中早熟品种, 密度, 化控技术

Abstract: In order to explore the optimal population structure of mid-early maturing cotton varieties under direct seeding after rape harvest and its supporting chemical control technology, the mid-early maturing cotton varieties were used as test materials, and the split plot design was used to explore the growth and development characteristics of direct seeding cotton after rape harvest and the chemical defoliation and ripening effect of different treatments under high density （60 000,90 000,120 000 and 150 000 plants/hm²） combined with heavy chemical control （spraying 98% DPC360 and 540 g effective components per hectareduring the whole growth period）. The results showed that in the range of experimental density and chemical control, with the increase of density and chemical control, the main stem became thinner, the height of initial fruit branch moved upward, the middle and upper fruit branches shortened, and the dry matter accumulation per plant decreased. The effect of density factor was greater than that of chemical control. Density and chemical control and their interaction had no significant effect on boll number per unit area; with the increase of density, the number of bolls per plant and single boll weight gradually decreased, and the increase of chemical control could reduce lint percentage and increase sub-index. With the increase of density and chemical control, the natural boll opening process of cotton was slow. In each treatment, the yield of cotton with density of 90 000 plants/hm² and DPC360 g/hm² was the highest. Density, chemical control and their interaction had no significant effect on the defoliation effect of cotton sprayed with defoliant ripening agent, had no significant effect on the final boll opening rate, and had more obvious effect on the ripening of small basic boll opening rate. Based on various factors, in Poyang Lake cotton planting area of the Yangtze river basin, the suitable density for direct seeding of mid-early maturing cotton varieties rape after harvest was about 90 000 plants/hm². The chemical control of DPC spraying during the whole growth period should be based on cotton growth and climatic conditions.

Key words: cotton, direct seeding, mid-early maturing varieties, density, chemical control technology

中图分类号:

S562

张丽娟, 秦宇坤, 陈俊英, 王玉萍. 高密度配合重化控处理对中早熟直播棉花生长发育和催熟效应的影响[J]. 湖北农业科学, 2022, 61(7): 5-9.

ZHANG Li-juan, QIN Yu-kun, CHEN Jun-ying, WANG Yu-ping. Effects of high density combined with heavy chemical control on growth and ripening of direct seeding of mid-early maturity cotton[J]. HUBEI AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, 2022, 61(7): 5-9.

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