不同耐/感玉米自交系对高温胁迫的响应及其恢复力

doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.22.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探究不同基因型玉米自交系苗期对高温胁迫的响应及其恢复力差异,利用人工气候室进行增温试验,以高温试验筛选得到的耐热型自交系13HF1849和热敏感型自交系14HF1406为材料,研究了玉米苗期的植株性状、气体交换参数和叶片气孔特征对高温胁迫的响应以及恢复状态。结果表明,与常温对照相比,高温胁迫使热敏感型自交系的叶面积、叶绿素相对含量（SPAD）、株高和出叶速率受到显著影响,净光合速率（Pn）、蒸腾速率（Tr）和潜在水分利用率（iWUE）分别降低了25、17和2个百分点;耐热型自交系的株高和叶面积受高温胁迫的影响较小,Pn、Tr和iWUE分别增加 49、12和 25个百分点;2个自交系的气孔密度（SD）、气孔面积（SA）和气孔孔径宽度（SW）在高温条件下增加,且耐热型自交系显著高于热敏感型自交系;高温使耐热型自交系的气孔导度（Gs）增加,而使热敏感型自交系的Gs减小;相关性分析表明,2个自交系在高温胁迫下的Pn和iWUE均与Gs和SW呈显著正相关。经过常温恢复后,2个自交系的Pn、SD、SW和SA低于对照组,但耐热型自交系高于热敏感型自交系;耐热型自交系的Tr、iWUE、Gs均高于对照组。因此,与热敏感型自交系相比,耐热型自交系的气体交换性能在高温条件下更强,且恢复性好,与其高温诱导的较大的气孔密度、气孔导度和气孔孔径宽度有关。

关键词: 玉米, 高温胁迫, 气体交换, 气孔特征

Abstract: In order to explore the response of different genotypes of maize inbred lines to high temperature stress at the seedling stage and the difference of their resilience, the artificial climate chamber was used to carry out the warming test. The heat-resistant inbred line 13HF1849 and the heat-sensitive inbred line 14HF1406 screened by the high temperature test were used as materials to study the response and recovery of plant traits, gas exchange parameters and leaf stomatal characteristics of maize seedlings to high temperature stress. The results showed that compared with the control, high temperature stress significantly affected the leaf area, SPAD, plant height and leaf emergence rate of sensitive inbred line. In addition, net photosynthetic rate （Pn）, transpiration rate （Tr） and potential water use efficiency （iWUE） decreased by 25, 17 and 2 percent respectively. On the contrary, the plant height and leaf area of heat resistant inbred line were less affected by high temperature stress, and Pn, Tr and iWUE increased by 49, 12 and 25 percent, respectively. The stomatal density （SD）, stomatal area （SA） and stomatal width （SW） of the two inbred lines increased significantly under high temperature, and the heat-resistant inbred line was significantly higher than the sensitive inbred line. In addition, high temperature increased the stomatal conductance （Gs） of heat resistant inbred line and decreased that of sensitive inbred line. Correlation analysis showed that Pn and iWUE of the two inbred lines under high temperature stress were positively correlated with Gs and SW. After normal temperature recovery, the Pn, SD, SW and SA of the two inbred lines were lower than those of the control group, but the heat-resistant inbred lines were higher than the heat-sensitive inbred lines. The Tr, iWUE and Gs of heat resistant inbred lines were higher than those of the control group. Therefore, compared with the sensitive inbred line, the gas exchange performance of heat resistant inbred line was stronger at high temperature and had good recovery, which was related to the large stomatal density, stomatal conductivity and stomatal width induced by high temperature.

Key words: maize, high temperature stress, gas exchange, stomatal characteristics

中图分类号:

S513

谢艺, 倪艳林, 朱航, 朱叶青, 张艳, 邹华文, 张丙林. 不同耐/感玉米自交系对高温胁迫的响应及其恢复力[J]. 湖北农业科学, 2022, 61(22): 5-13.

XIE Yi, NI Yan-lin, ZHU Hang, ZHU Ye-qing, ZHANG Yan, ZOU Hua-wen, ZHANG Bing-lin. Response and resilience of different tolerance/susceptibility maize inbred lines to high temperature stress[J]. HUBEI AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, 2022, 61(22): 5-13.

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