不同减肥增效模式对毛白菜产量和品质的影响

doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.01.016

湖北农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (1): 100-103.doi: 10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.01.016

不同减肥增效模式对毛白菜产量和品质的影响

王素萍¹, 朱文革², 雷雄浩², 王胜军², 曾学军², 张贵友¹, 杜雷¹, 姜利¹, 刘鑫³, 洪娟¹

1.武汉市农业科学院环境与安全研究所,武汉 430345;
2.武汉市蔡甸区农业技术推广服务中心,武汉 430100;
3.武汉生物智造投资管理有限公司,武汉 430100

收稿日期:2021-12-06 出版日期:2023-01-25 发布日期:2023-03-07
通讯作者: 洪娟（1980-）,女,高级农艺师,在读博士研究生,主要从事养分资源综合管理的研究工作,（电话）15307140483（电子信箱）544856806@qq.com。
作者简介:王素萍（1985-）,女,山东德州人,农艺师,硕士,主要从事养分资源管理与土壤环境监测的研究工作,（电话）13971613681（电子信箱）wsp12@163.com
基金资助:
武汉市农科院示范项目（CXBQFW202107）; 2021年武汉市化肥和化学农药减量化项目

Effects of different fertilizer reduction and efficiency increasing modes on yield and quality of Chinese cabbage

WANG Su-ping¹, ZHU Wen-ge², LEI Xiong-Hao², WANG Sheng-jun², ZENG Xue-jun², ZHANG Gui-you¹, DU Lei¹, JIANG Li¹, LIU Xin³, HONG Juan¹

1. Institute of Environment and Safety, Wuhan Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Wuhan 430345, China;
2. Wuhan Caidian District Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Wuhan 430100, China;
3. Wuhan Biotech Makerspace Investment Management Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430100, China

Received:2021-12-06 Online:2023-01-25 Published:2023-03-07

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为阐明不同减肥增效模式下土壤和作物各指标的变化规律,采用田间小区试验研究了不同减肥措施对毛白菜产量、品质及土壤理化性质的影响。结果表明,不同化肥减量措施中推荐施肥的毛白菜产量最高,为31 945 kg/hm²,减肥增效措施下,毛白菜的产量比农民习惯种植增加30.85%~43.26%,叶片中的硝酸盐含量降低16.54%~28.33%,可溶性蛋白质含量增加4.96%~11.83%,维生素C和可溶性糖含量无明显变化,其中施用有机肥替代化肥的措施毛白菜品质最佳。减肥后毛白菜的氮素积累量增加13.20%~25.70%,磷素和钾素积累量无明显差异。施用水溶肥的农学效率为95.39 kg/kg,明显高于其他处理,农民习惯施肥的农学效率最低,仅为24.23 kg/kg。施肥能改善土壤理化性质,但一季毛白菜种植对土壤的pH和EC值无明显影响,施用有机肥后土壤中有机质含量、矿质态氮、有效磷和速效钾含量也明显高于其他施肥处理。综上所述,综合考虑毛白菜产量品质、肥料农学效率和培肥土壤,施用有机肥和水溶肥可以达到较好的效果。

关键词: 减肥增效, 毛白菜, 有机肥替代, 作物产量, 作物品质

Abstract: In order to clarify the changes of soil and crop indexes under different fertilizer reduction and efficiency enhancement modes, field plot experiments were conducted to study the effects of different fertilizer reduction measures on the yield, quality and soil physical and chemical properties of Chinese cabbage. The results showed that among the different fertilizer reduction measures, the yield of pakchoi recommended for fertilization was the highest, which was 31 945 kg/hm². Under the fertilizer reduction and efficiency increase measures, the yield of pakchoi increased by 30.85%~43.26%, the content of nitrate in leaves decreased by 16.54%~28.33%, the content of soluble protein increased by 4.96%~11.83%, and the content of VC and soluble sugar did not change significantly. The quality of Chinese cabbage was the best by applying organic fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizer. After fertilizer reduction, the nitrogen accumulation of Chinese cabbage increased by 13.20%~25.70%, and there was no significant difference in phosphorus and potassium accumulation. The agronomic utilization rate of water-soluble fertilizer was 95.39 kg/kg, which was significantly higher than that of other treatments. The agronomic efficiency of farmers' habitual fertilization was the lowest, only 24.23 kg/kg. Fertilization could improve soil physical and chemical properties, but the planting of one season Chinese cabbage had no significant effect on soil pH and EC value. After the application of organic fertilizer, the contents of organic matter, mineral nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in the soil were also significantly higher than those of other fertilization treatments. In conclusion, considering the yield and quality of Chinese cabbage, fertilizer agronomic efficiency and soil fertility, applying organic fertilizer and water-soluble fertilizer could achieve better results.

Key words: fertilizer reduction and efficiency increase, Chinese cabbage, organic fertilizer replacement, crop yield, crop quality

中图分类号:

王素萍, 朱文革, 雷雄浩, 王胜军, 曾学军, 张贵友, 杜雷, 姜利, 刘鑫, 洪娟. 不同减肥增效模式对毛白菜产量和品质的影响[J]. 湖北农业科学, 2023, 62(1): 100-103.

WANG Su-ping, ZHU Wen-ge, LEI Xiong-Hao, WANG Sheng-jun, ZENG Xue-jun, ZHANG Gui-you, DU Lei, JIANG Li, LIU Xin, HONG Juan. Effects of different fertilizer reduction and efficiency increasing modes on yield and quality of Chinese cabbage[J]. HUBEI AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, 2023, 62(1): 100-103.

参考文献

[1] 刘兆辉,江丽华,张文君,等.山东省设施蔬菜施肥量演变及土壤养分变化规律[J]. 土壤学报,2008,45(2):296-303.
[2] CHOUDHURY A, KENNEDY I R.Nitrogen fertilizer losses from rice soils and control of environmental pollution problems[J]. Communications in soil science and plant analysis,2005, 36(11-12):1625-1639.
[3] BOSEDE A J.Economic assessment of fertilizer use and integrated practices for environmental sustainability and agricultural productivity in Sudan savannah zone, Nigeria[J]. African journal of agricultural research,2010, 5(5):338-343.
[4] 贺会强,陈凯利,邹志荣,等.不同施肥水平对日光温室番茄产量和品质的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2012, 40(7):135-140.
[5] 杨曙辉,宋天庆,欧阳作富,等.关于我国设施农业可持续发展问题的战略研究[J]. 农业科技管理,2011,30(5):1-5.
[6] 蔡红明,王士超,刘岩,等.陕西日光温室养分平衡及土壤养分累积特征研究[J]. 西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2016, 44(9):83-91.
[7] 王士超,白新禄,陈竹君,等.日光温室土壤养分平衡及其累积特性[J]. 环境科学研究,2015, 28(7):1091-1098.
[8] 焦晓燕,王立革,张东玲,等.山西省日光节能温室蔬菜施肥现状、存在问题及建议[J]. 山西农业科学,2010, 38(4):37-41.
[9] 韩上,武际,钱晓华,等.安徽主栽蔬菜施肥现状调查及对策[J]. 中国蔬菜,2015(4):15-19.
[10] 黄化刚,张锡洲,李廷轩,等.典型设施栽培地区养分平衡及其环境风险[J]. 农业环境科学学报,2007, 26(2):676-682.
[11] 关焱,宇万太,李建东.长期施肥对土壤养分库的影响[J]. 生态学杂志,2004, 23(6):131-137.
[12] 冀宏杰,张怀志,张维理,等.我国农田磷养分平衡研究进展[J]. 中国生态农业学报,2015, 23(1):1-8.
[13] 刘苹,李彦,江丽华,等.施肥对蔬菜产量的影响——以寿光市设施蔬菜为例[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(6):1752-1758.
[14] 鲍士旦. 土壤农化分析[M].第三版. 北京:中国农业出版社,1999.
[15] 王清奎,汪思龙,冯宗炜,等.土壤活性有机质及其与土壤质量的关系[J].生态学报,2005,25(3):513-519.

不同减肥增效模式对毛白菜产量和品质的影响

Effects of different fertilizer reduction and efficiency increasing modes on yield and quality of Chinese cabbage

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 3

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	杜雷, 陈红, 张贵友, 王素萍, 姜利, 黄翔, 程维舜, 罗茜, 孙雄军, 陈丽萍, 刘鑫, 洪娟. 不同化肥减施技术对设施黄瓜产量和品质的影响[J]. 湖北农业科学, 2022, 61(24): 56-59.
[2]	杜雷, 孙雄军, 陈丽萍, 王素萍, 张贵友, 黄翔, 姜利, 程维舜, 罗茜, 刘鑫, 洪娟, 陈红. 不同化肥减施技术对设施苋菜产量和品质的影响[J]. 湖北农业科学, 2022, 61(23): 74-77.
[3]	刘水利, 唐一龙. 茶叶有机肥替代化肥试验报告[J]. 湖北农业科学, 2018, 57(12): 33-35.