不同植物提取物对串珠镰刀菌的抑制作用

doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.07.013

湖北农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 64 ›› Issue (7): 74-78.doi: 10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.07.013

不同植物提取物对串珠镰刀菌的抑制作用

范萌¹, 尹玉玲², 赵名琦¹, 李阔¹, 张星鹂¹, 焦晓露¹, 刘迦南¹, 李云鹏¹

1.黑龙江大学现代农业与生态环境学院,哈尔滨 150080;
2.江西省农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所,南昌 330200

收稿日期:2025-02-19 出版日期:2025-07-25 发布日期:2025-08-22
通讯作者: 李云鹏(1976-),女,黑龙江鹤岗人,副教授,博士,主要从事植物病害防治与生理生态等研究,(电子信箱)2007070@hlju.edu.cn。
作者简介:范萌(2000-),女,甘肃兰州人,在读硕士研究生,研究方向为植物病害防治与生理生态,(电子信箱) 593937182@qq.com。
基金资助:
黑龙江省科学基金资助项目(QC2014C024); 江西省农业科学院基础研究与人才培养基金项目(JXSNKYJCRC202406)

The inhibitory effects of different plant extracts against Fusarium moniliforme

FAN Meng¹, YIN Yu-ling², ZHAO Ming-qi¹, LI Kuo¹, ZHANG Xing-li¹, JIAO Xiao-lu¹, LIU Jia-nan¹, LI Yun-peng¹

1. College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China;
2. Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, China

Received:2025-02-19 Published:2025-07-25 Online:2025-08-22

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了探究香附子(Cyperus rotundus L.)、丝棉木(Euonymus maackii Rupr.)、沙参(Adenophora stricta Miq.)、大黄(Rheum palmatum L.)、秦皮(Cortex Fraxini)、菊芋(Helianthus tuberosus L.)6种植物提取物对串珠镰刀菌(Fusarium moniliforme)的抑制作用,采用生长速率法从6种植物中筛选出具有较强抑菌活性的乙醇粗提物,并以石油醚等系列极性溶剂对筛选到的乙醇植物粗提物进行萃取,测定各萃取物对菌丝生长的抑制率,分析各萃取物抑制菌丝生长的毒力差异,筛选出对串珠镰刀菌抑制作用最强的植物萃取物,并测定该植物萃取物对孢子萌发的抑制作用,及对菌丝形态、细胞膜透性的影响。结果表明,香附子和丝棉木的乙醇粗提物对串珠镰刀菌菌丝生长的抑制作用显著高于其他植物粗提物,但两者之间无显著差异;而香附子和丝棉木的各极性萃取溶剂中均以石油醚的萃取物表现出显著的抑菌活性,且香附子石油醚萃取物抑菌作用显著高于丝棉木,两者对菌丝生长的抑制中浓度(IC₅₀)分别为6.076 6 mg/mL和16.736 3 mg/mL;香附子石油醚萃取物对孢子萌发的IC₅₀为7.721 7 mg/mL,该萃取物可导致菌丝畸形生长,破坏菌丝细胞膜半透性。

关键词: 植物提取物, 香附子(Cyperus rotundus L.), 串珠镰刀菌(Fusarium moniliforme), 抑制作用

Abstract: In order to investigate the inhibitory effects of extracts from six plants, namely Cyperus rotundus L., Euonymus maackii Rupr., Adenophora stricta Miq., Rheum palmatum L., Cortex Fraxini, and Helianthus tuberosus L. on Fusarium moniliforme, the growth rate method was used to screen the ethanol crude extracts with strong antibacterial activity from the six plants. Then, a series of polar solvents such as petroleum ether were used to extract the screened ethanol crude plant extracts. The inhibition rate of each extract on mycelial growth was determined, the virulence differences of each extract in inhibiting mycelial growth were analyzed, the plant extract with the strongest inhibitory effect on Fusarium moniliforme was screened out, and the inhibitory effect of this plant extract on spore germination, as well as its effects on mycelial morphology and cell membrane permeability were determined. The results showed that the ethanol crude extracts of Cyperus rotundus and Euonymus maackii had significantly higher inhibitory effects on the mycelial growth of Fusarium moniliforme than the crude extracts of other plants, but there was no significant difference between them. Among the polar extraction solvents of Cyperus rotundus and Euonymus maackii, the petroleum ether extracts showed significant antibacterial activity, and the antibacterial effect of the petroleum ether extract of Cyperus rotundus was significantly higher than that of Euonymus maackii. The median inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) of the two on mycelial growth were 6.076 6 mg/mL and 16.736 3 mg/mL, respectively. The IC₅₀ of the petroleum ether extract of Cyperus rotundus on spore germination was 7.721 7 mg/mL. This extract could lead to abnormal mycelial growth and damage the semi - permeability of the mycelial cell membrane.

Key words: plant extracts, Cyperus rotundus L., Fusarium moniliforme, inhibitory effects

中图分类号:

范萌, 尹玉玲, 赵名琦, 李阔, 张星鹂, 焦晓露, 刘迦南, 李云鹏. 不同植物提取物对串珠镰刀菌的抑制作用[J]. 湖北农业科学, 2025, 64(7): 74-78.

FAN Meng, YIN Yu-ling, ZHAO Ming-qi, LI Kuo, ZHANG Xing-li, JIAO Xiao-lu, LIU Jia-nan, LI Yun-peng. The inhibitory effects of different plant extracts against Fusarium moniliforme[J]. HUBEI AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, 2025, 64(7): 74-78.

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不同植物提取物对串珠镰刀菌的抑制作用

The inhibitory effects of different plant extracts against Fusarium moniliforme

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