陕茶1号茶树花生物学特征及内含成分分析

doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.08.026

湖北农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 64 ›› Issue (8): 172-177.doi: 10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.08.026

陕茶1号茶树花生物学特征及内含成分分析

常娜^1,2, 樊露¹, 程旭旭¹, 吴冲^1,2, 袁月^1,2, 尹旭超^1,2, 李冬花^1,2, 齐玉岗^1,2, 王栎媛¹, 张立君³, 纪昌中^1,2

1.安康学院现代农业与生物科技学院,陕西安康 725000;
2.陕西省茶叶省市共建重点实验室,陕西安康 725000;
3.安康市富硒产品研发中心,陕西安康 725099

收稿日期:2025-05-06 出版日期:2025-08-25 发布日期:2025-09-12
通讯作者: 纪昌中(1960-),男,副教授,主要从事茶叶加工的研究工作,(电话)13700258496(电子信箱)1982990005@aku.edu.cn。
作者简介:常娜(1997-),女,陕西西安人,助教,硕士,主要从事茶树栽培及资源利用的研究工作,(电话)14792368778(电子信箱)1014617552@qq.com;
基金资助:
安康学院校级科研项目(青年基金)(2023AYQN03); 大学生创新创业训练计划项目(202411397010、S202411397043); 中国富硒产业研究院富硒专项研发计划项目(2023 FXZX-01); 陕西省教育厅科学研究计划项目(23JY002、23JY004)

Analysis on biological characteristics and internal components of tea flowers of Camellia sinensis ‘ShanCha 1’

CHANG Na^1,2, FAN Lu¹, CHENG Xu-xu¹, WU Chong^1,2, YUAN Yue^1,2, YIN Xu-chao^1,2, LI Dong-hua^1,2, QI Yu-gang^1,2, WANG Li-yuan¹, ZHANG Li-jun³, JI Chang-zhong^1,2

1. School of Modern Agriculture and Biotechnology, AnKang University, Ankang 725000, Shaanxi, China;
2. Shaanxi Tea Key Lab Co-sponsored by Province and Municipality, Ankang 725000, Shaanxi, China;
3. Ankang Research Center of Se-enriched Product, Ankang 725099, Shaanxi, China

Received:2025-05-06 Published:2025-08-25 Online:2025-09-12

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探究陕茶1号茶树花生物学特征和不同花期的内含成分,以陕茶1号的茶树花为原料,龙井43为对照,观测盛开期茶树花的生物学特征和百花重,分析不同花期茶树花内含成分含量差异。结果表明,陕茶1号茶树花花冠直径2.2~3.5 cm,百花重在花蕾期、露白期、盛开期均低于龙井43,且随着茶树花开放程度的增大,水浸出物、可溶性糖含量呈递增趋势,茶多酚、咖啡碱含量呈递减趋势,游离氨基酸含量呈先减后增趋势,总黄酮含量呈先增后减趋势。陕茶1号水浸出物含量53.63%~68.77%、茶多酚含量9.26%~13.79%、游离氨基酸含量1.67%~2.10%、咖啡碱含量0.43%~0.83%、可溶性糖含量11.96%~31.28%、黄酮含量27.65~38.45 mg/g。陕茶1号属于中小型花、花蕊较多的品种,在不同花期茶多酚含量高于龙井43,可溶性糖、咖啡碱、游离氨基酸、总黄酮低于龙井43。

关键词: 茶树花, 陕茶1号, 生物学特征, 内含成分

Abstract: To clarify the biological characteristics and internal components of the different stage of Camellia sinensis ‘ShanCha 1’, the tea flowers of Camellia sinensis ‘Longjing 43’ (control group) and Camellia sinensis ‘ShanCha 1’ were used as raw materials to determine and analyze the differences in the content of components in tea flowers at different flowering stages by observing the biological characteristics and a one-hundred flowers weight of tea flowers at full-bloom stage. The crown diameter of Camellia sinensis ‘ShanCha 1’ tea flowers was 2.2-3.5 cm, and the weight of 100 flowers was less than that of Longjing 43 in the flower bud, the white bud and the full blooming stage. With the increase of the opening degree of tea flowers, the content of water extract and soluble sugar showed an increasing trend, the content of tea polyphenols and caffeine showed a decreasing trend, the content of free amino acids showed a trend of decreasing first and then increasing, and the content of total flavonoids showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing. The water extract of Camellia sinensis ‘ShanCha 1’ was 53.63%-68.77%, tea polyphenols were 9.26%-13.79%, free amino acid was 1.67%-2.10%, caffeine was 0.43%-0.83%, soluble sugar was 11.96%-31.28%, and the total amount of flavonoids was 27.65-38.45 mg/g. Camellia sinensis ‘ShanCha 1’ was a tea flower variety with small and medium flowers and more stamens. The content of tea polyphenols was significantly higher than that of Longjing 43 at different flowering stages, and soluble sugar, caffeine, free amino acids and total flavonoids were lower than those of Longjing 43.

Key words: tea flowers, Camellia sinensis ‘ShanCha 1’, biological characteristics, internal components

中图分类号:

S571.1

常娜, 樊露, 程旭旭, 吴冲, 袁月, 尹旭超, 李冬花, 齐玉岗, 王栎媛, 张立君, 纪昌中. 陕茶1号茶树花生物学特征及内含成分分析[J]. 湖北农业科学, 2025, 64(8): 172-177.

CHANG Na, FAN Lu, CHENG Xu-xu, WU Chong, YUAN Yue, YIN Xu-chao, LI Dong-hua, QI Yu-gang, WANG Li-yuan, ZHANG Li-jun, JI Chang-zhong. Analysis on biological characteristics and internal components of tea flowers of Camellia sinensis ‘ShanCha 1’[J]. HUBEI AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, 2025, 64(8): 172-177.

参考文献

[1] 刘丹. 茶树花生长过程中内含成分变化及茶树花茯砖茶开发研究[D]. 长沙: 湖南农业大学, 2019.
[2] 刘敏. 不同茶树花茶内含物质分析[J]. 保鲜与加工,2023,23(5):55-60.
[3] 刘海洋, 徐金花, 陆路, 等. 镇江地区白叶1号茶树多花因素分析及措施[J]. 南方农业, 2019, 13(27): 33-35.
[4] 王静, 石杨, 张艳, 等. 摘除茶花对白化茶树春茶产量及生化成分的影响研究[J]. 茶叶通讯, 2022, 49(4): 464-471.
[5] 叶乃兴, 杨江帆,邬龄盛,等. 茶树花主要形态性状和生化成分的多样性分析[J]. 亚热带农业研究, 2005, 1(4): 30-33.
[6] 屠幼英, 马驰. 近50年我国茶资源综合利用研究成果及应用进展[J]. 中国茶叶, 2020, 42(12): 1-8.
[7] 袁祖丽, 孙晓楠. 茶树花主要生化成分及香气成分分析[A]. 中国茶叶学会, 台湾茶协会. 第六届海峡两岸茶业学术研讨会论文集(摘要)[C]. 福建武夷山:第六届海峡两岸茶业学术研讨会,2010. 119.
[8] 杨普香, 刘小仙, 李文金. 茶树花主要生化成分分析[J]. 中国茶叶, 2009, 31(7): 24-25.
[9] 陈文怀. 早茶品种‘龙井43’史话(下)[J]. 茶叶, 2020, 46(4): 204-208.
[10] 王衍成, 王沁, 余有本, 等. 茶树新品种—陕茶1号[J]. 中国茶叶, 2019, 41(10): 44-45.
[11] 米晓玲. 陕茶1号名优绿茶适制性研究[D]. 陕西杨凌: 西北农林科技大学, 2016.
[12] 师梦楠. 云南不同地区茶树花特征成分差异性研究[D]. 昆明: 云南农业大学, 2023.
[13] 刘丹, 周跃斌, 周宇. 不同品种茶树花内含成分分析[J]. 茶叶通讯, 2019, 46(1): 17-23.
[14] 李旭艳. 不同品种茶树花茶的品质形成分析[D]. 南京: 南京农业大学, 2021.
[15] 李梅, 徐丹旎, 李丽江, 等. 咖啡树咖啡碱合成相关基因研究进展[J]. 热带农业科学, 2018, 38(9): 45-48, 52.
[16] FUJIMORI N, ASHIHARA H.Adenine metabolism and the synthesis of purine alkaloids in flowers of Camellia[J]. Phytochemistry, 1990, 29(11): 3513-3516.
[17] 朱婉, 吴颖, 黎晓湘, 等. 基于广泛靶向代谢组学结合高效液相色谱法分析‘紫娟’和‘迎霜’茶树花代谢物差异[J]. 浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版), 2023, 49(6): 825-839.
[18] 杜思佳. 茶树生殖生长对茶叶品质成分形成的影响及机制[D]. 福州: 福建农林大学, 2023.
[19] CHANG N, ZHOU Z W, LI Y Y, et al.Exogenously applied Spd and Spm enhance drought tolerance in tea plants by increasing fatty acid desaturation and plasma membrane H+-ATPase activity[J]. Plant physiology and biochemistry, 2022, 170(1): 225-233.
[20] FANG Z T, SONG C J, XU H R, et al.Dynamic changes in flavonol glycosides during production of green, yellow, white, oolong and black teas from Camellia sinensis L. (cv. Fudingdabaicha)[J]. International journal of food science and technology,2019,54(2): 490-498.

陕茶1号茶树花生物学特征及内含成分分析

Analysis on biological characteristics and internal components of tea flowers of Camellia sinensis ‘ShanCha 1’

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 1

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价