关键词: 薄壳山核桃[Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch], 种子性状, 苗期性状, 主成分分析

Abstract: To screen out superior rootstock families of Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch, the seeds from 15 Carya illinoinensis varieties and elite trees were used as experimental materials. Nut traits, seedling growth rhythm, and seedling biomass were measured. Variance,Correlation Coefficient and Principal Component Analysis were employed to conduct family comprehensive evaluation. The results showed that the coefficient of variation of seed traits ranged from 0.44% to 29.71%, there were significant differences in core indicators such as single fruit weight and longitudinal diameter, while only the transverse diameter showed small variation, which reflected the genetic diversity among families. The coefficient of variation for seedling traits ranges from 13.32% to 40.89%,there were significant differences in ground diameter and seedling height, and the variation range of seedling growth was larger than that of seed traits. Among these, the variation in root dry weight was the most significant, which was conducive to the rapid screening of robust families.All families were infected with Phylloxera notabilis. The pest infestation level had no correlation with seed traits and was affected by environmental factors. Therefore, pest prevention and control measures were required to reduce interference. Five principal components with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 89.47% were extracted via principal component analysis to construct a comprehensive evaluation model. The comprehensive ranking of the families was as follows: Family 12>Family 8>Family 15>Family 9>Family 7, etc. Through comprehensive screening, Family 12 and Family 8 were identified. These two families exhibited large seeds, high kernel percentage, and robust seedling growth, making them potentially excellent rootstock families.

Key words: Carya illinoinensis, seed trait, seedling trait, principal component analysis