侧深减氮施肥对水稻生长、产量和经济效益的影响

doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.10.004

湖北农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 64 ›› Issue (10): 21-26.doi: 10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.10.004

侧深减氮施肥对水稻生长、产量和经济效益的影响

李佳莹¹, 佀国涵¹, 彭成林¹, 赵书军¹, 余勇², 任文海², 柯美志³, 吴军³

1.湖北省农业科学院植保土肥研究所/农业农村部洪山野外综合科学观测研究站,武汉 430064;
2.湖北省耕地质量与肥料工作总站,武汉 430070;
3.阳新县农业技术推广服务中心,湖北阳新 435200

收稿日期:2025-04-25 出版日期:2025-10-25 发布日期:2025-11-14
通讯作者: 佀国涵（1981-）,副研究员,主要从事土壤肥力与养分循环方面的研究,（电子信箱）siguoh@qq.com。
作者简介:李佳莹（1992-）,女,湖北鄂州人,助理研究员,硕士,主要从事土壤与植物营养方面的研究,（电子信箱）415227478@qq.com。
基金资助:
湖北省技术创新计划项目（2024BBB092）; 国家重点研发计划项目（2021YFD1901204）

Effects of side-depth fertilization with reduced nitrogen application on growth, yield and economic benefit of rice

LI Jia-ying¹, SI Guo-han¹, PENG Cheng-lin¹, ZHAO Shu-jun¹, YU Yong², REN Wen-hai², KE Mei-zhi³, WU Jun³

1. Institute of Plant Protection, Soil and Fertilizer, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Hongshan Comprehensive Field Scientific Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430064, China;
2. Hubei Provincial Farmland Quality and Fertilizer Work Station, Wuhan 430070, China;
3. Yangxin County Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center, Yangxin 435200, Hubei, China

Received:2025-04-25 Published:2025-10-25 Online:2025-11-14

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为指导机械侧深施肥下水稻（Oryza sativa L.）合理施肥,以丰两优香1号为材料,研究机械侧深减氮施肥对水稻生长、产量和经济效益的影响。共设置4种机械施肥方式,即常规机械抛撒施肥（对照）、侧深施肥不减氮、侧深施肥减氮10%、侧深施肥减氮20%。结果表明,与对照相比,侧深施肥处理的分蘖数、总根长、根系总表面积、根系总体积、根尖数、根系分叉数、千粒重、有效穗数、地上部干物质质量、植株总干物质质量和理论产量均显著增加。分蘖数在分蘖期和拔节期比对照分别增加50.7%~59.0%和17.8%~41.1%;在分蘖期,侧深施肥处理的地上部干物质质量、根干物质质量以及植株总干物质质量比对照分别提高33.8%~57.4%、18.2%~27.3%和30.0%~52.5%;实际产量比对照提高1.7%~8.6%。在侧深施肥条件下,随着氮肥施用量的降低,氮肥偏生产力和总养分偏生产力均呈逐渐增加的趋势,减施20%氮肥的总根长、根系总表面积、根系总体积以及根系分叉数均显著高于不减氮处理,但与减施10%氮肥处理差异不显著。侧深施肥减氮20%处理的效益最高,达17 868.0元/hm²,比对照高1 852.5元/hm²。

关键词: 水稻（Oryza sativa L.）, 机械侧深施肥, 氮肥减施, 生长, 产量, 经济效益

Abstract: In order to guide the rational fertilization of rice (Oryza sativa L.) under the condition of mechanical side-deep fertilization, the effects of mechanical side-depth fertilization with reduced nitrogen application on rice growth, yield and economic benefit were studied with Fengliangyouxiang No.1 as material. A total of four different mechanical fertilization treatments were established: conventional broadcast fertilization (control), side-deep fertilization with no nitrogen reduction, side-deep fertilization with a 10% nitrogen reduction, and side-deep fertilization with a 20% nitrogen reduction. The results showed that,compared with control, the number of tillers, total root length, total root surface area, total root volume, number of root tips, number of rootbranches, 1 000 grain weight, eflective panicles, above-ground dry weight, total plant dry weight, and theoretical yield all significantly increased. The number of tillers was increased by 50.7%-59.0% and 17.8%-41.1% at the tillering stage and jointing stage, respectively, compared with the control. At tillering stage, the above-ground dry weight, root dry weight and total plant dry weight of side-deep fertilization were increased by 33.8%-57.4%, 18.2%-27.3% and 30.0%-52.5%, respectively, compared with control. The actual yield was increased by 1.7%-8.6% compared with control. Under the condition of side-depth fertilization, nitrogen partial productivity and total nutrient partial productivity increased gradually with the decrease of nitrogen application rate. The total root length, total root surface area, total root volume and rootbranches number of 20% nitrogen reduction treatment were significantly higher than that of side-deep fertilization with no nitrogen reduction, but the difference was not significant compared with 10% nitrogen reduction treatment. The benefit of side-depth fertilization with a 20% nitrogen reduction treatment was the highest, reaching 17 868.0 yuan/hm², which was 1 852.5 yuan/hm² higher than that of control.

Key words: rice (Oryza sativa L.), mechanical side-depth fertilization, reduced nitrogen application, growth, yield, economic benefit

中图分类号:

S511

李佳莹, 佀国涵, 彭成林, 赵书军, 余勇, 任文海, 柯美志, 吴军. 侧深减氮施肥对水稻生长、产量和经济效益的影响[J]. 湖北农业科学, 2025, 64(10): 21-26.

LI Jia-ying, SI Guo-han, PENG Cheng-lin, ZHAO Shu-jun, YU Yong, REN Wen-hai, KE Mei-zhi, WU Jun. Effects of side-depth fertilization with reduced nitrogen application on growth, yield and economic benefit of rice[J]. HUBEI AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, 2025, 64(10): 21-26.

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侧深减氮施肥对水稻生长、产量和经济效益的影响

Effects of side-depth fertilization with reduced nitrogen application on growth, yield and economic benefit of rice

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