湖北农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 63 ›› Issue (1): 106-111.doi: 10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.01.019

• 园艺·特产 • 上一篇    下一篇

白兰的嫁接繁殖技术

杨利平1, 李芳菲1, 杨琼1, 韦冬玲1, 陈丽文1, 时群1, 王鹏良2, 陈乃明1   

  1. 1.钦州市林业科学研究所,广西 钦州 535099;
    2.北部湾大学,广西 钦州 535011
  • 收稿日期:2022-10-08 出版日期:2024-01-25 发布日期:2024-02-05
  • 通讯作者: 陈乃明,教授级高级工程师,硕士,主要从事森林培育学研究工作,(电子信箱)cnm-888@163.com。
  • 作者简介:杨利平(1984-),女,河南许昌人,高级工程师,硕士,主要从事林木、花卉的无性快繁及栽培技术研究工作,(电话)0777-2808931(电子信箱)278291930@qq.com; 王鹏良,教授,博士,主要从事植物分子生物学研究工作,(电子信箱)pengliang_wang@163.com。
  • 基金资助:
    广西林业科技推广示范项目(桂林科研[2021]11号); 钦州市科学研究与技术开发计划项目(20223635)

Grafting propagation technology of Michelia×alba

YANG Li-ping1, LI Fang-fei1, YANG Qiong1, WEI Dong-ling1, CHEN Li-wen1, SHI Qun1, WANG Peng-liang2, CHEN Nai-ming1   

  1. 1. Qinzhou Forestry Research Institute, Qinzhou 535099, Guangxi, China;
    2. Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, Guangxi, China
  • Received:2022-10-08 Online:2024-01-25 Published:2024-02-05

摘要: 为探究白兰(Michelia × alba)嫁接苗不同砧穗组合的亲和力差异和影响白兰嫁接苗生长的相关因素,以醉香含笑(Michelia macclurei Dandy)、黄兰(Michelia champaca Linn.)、乐昌含笑(Michelia chapensis Dandy)、深山含笑(Michelia maudiae Dunn)、山玉兰(Magnolia delavayi Franch.)、白兰自根砧6种类型砧木以切接方式嫁接白兰,并探究不同嫁接时间、砧木径级、基质类型的白兰嫁接苗生长差异表现。结果表明,12月左右最适宜白兰嫁接;砧木类型对嫁接苗生长及开花产生影响。白兰自根砧嫁接苗和醉香含笑嫁接苗成活率较其他4种砧木高,达94.0%以上,但以醉香含笑为砧木的嫁接苗生长最快;不同砧木类型白兰嫁接苗现蕾期不同,以山玉兰为砧木的白兰嫁接苗现蕾最早,嫁接满4个月现蕾,现蕾率达68.2%,白兰自根砧现蕾率最低,仅为12.7%;砧木径级对嫁接苗成活率有影响,当砧木地径大于等于 0.8 cm时嫁接成活率最高,达94.1%,当砧木地径小于0.5 cm时,嫁接成活率明显降低;苗木培育基质对嫁接苗的成活率和生长都有影响,选用70.0%黄心土∶25.0%泥炭土∶4.5%稻糠和95.0%黄心土∶4.5%稻糠搭配0.5%长效控释肥配比的基质苗木成活率和生长量均优于其他组合。影响嫁接苗品质的因素有多种,研究结果显示砧木类型影响嫁接苗的成活率和花期特性;嫁接时间、砧木径级、基质类型均对苗木成活率和生长产生作用。

关键词: 白兰(Michelia × alba), 砧木, 嫁接, 成活率, 穗高, 现蕾, 基质

Abstract: In order to explore the affinity difference of different rootstock and scion combinations of Michelia × alba grafted seedlings and the related factors affecting the growth of Michelia × alba grafted seedlings, six different rootstocks of Michelia macclurei Dandy, Michelia champaca Linn., Michelia chapensis Dandy, Michelia maudiae Dunn, Magnolia delavayi Franch. and Michelia × alba were grafted by cutting; the differences of grafting time, rootstock diameter class and substrate type were also studied. The results showed that December was the most suitable time for Michelia × alba grafting; the rootstock type had an effect on the growth and flowering of grafted seedlings. The survival rate of grafted seedlings of Michelia × alba and Michelia macclurei Dandy was higher than that of the other four rootstocks, up to 94.0%, but the grafted seedlings with Michelia macclurei Dandy as rootstock grew fastest; different rootstock types of Michelia × alba grafted seedlings had different budding periods. The Michelia × alba grafted seedlings with Magnolia delavayi Franch. as rootstock had the earliest budding period, and the budding rate was 68.2% after four months of grafting, and the budding rate of the self-rooted seedlings was the lowest, only 12.7%. The rootstock diameter class had an effect on the survival rate of grafted seedlings. When the rootstock ground diameter was greater than 0.8 cm, the survival rate of grafted seedlings was the highest, reaching 94.1%. When the rootstock ground diameter was less than or equal to 0.5 cm, the survival rate of grafted seedlings was significantly reduced. The survival rate and growth of grafted seedlings were affected by the seedling culture medium. The survival rate and growth of seedlings in the medium of 70.0% yellow core soil∶25.0% peat soil∶4.5% rice bran and 95.0% yellow core soil∶4.5% rice bran combined with 0.5% long-term controlled-release fertilizer were better than other combinations. There were many factors affecting the quality of grafted seedlings. The results of the study showed that the rootstock type affected the survival rate and flowering characteristics of grafted seedlings; grafting time, rootstock diameter class and substrate type all had effects on seedling survival rate and growth.

Key words: Michelia ×alba, stock, grafting, survival rate, length of scion stick, budding, stroma substrate

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