耐低温微生物菌剂工程化构建及其在寒地作物抗逆增产上的应用

doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2026.10.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了突破寒地农业中低温与土传病害复合胁迫下传统菌剂活性低、定殖差的应用瓶颈,系统综述了耐低温微生物菌剂的多功能协同机制,包括直接抗寒、养分活化与生物防治等路径,并重点分析了从实验室菌株到田间产品转化中面临的稳定性、生态竞争与效果可预测性等核心挑战。在此基础上,提出将研发范式从依赖自然筛选转向基于适应性进化、诱变育种和合成生物学的理性设计,通过对现有高效功能菌株进行定向耐低温改造,以主动整合优良农用性状与环境适应性。针对外源菌与土著微生物的生态互作及其定殖屏障,提出了预适应驯化、生态位工程与功能基因嵌入等策略;同时,结合智能材料递送、微生物群落构建及大数据精准施用等前沿技术,展望了智能响应型菌剂的未来发展方向。推动耐低温菌剂从功能设计迈向生态集成,是实现寒地农业绿色高效转型的关键技术路径,也为气候韧性农业的微生物技术革新明确了发展方向与实施路径。

关键词: 耐低温, 微生物菌剂, 工程化构建, 寒地作物, 抗逆增产, 应用研究

Abstract: To break through the application bottleneck of low activity and poor colonization of conventional microbial inoculants under the combined stress of low temperature and soil-borne diseases in cold-region agriculture, this paper systematically reviewed the multifunctional synergistic mechanisms of cold-tolerant microbial inoculants, including direct cold resistance, nutrient activation, and biological control, and analyzed the core challenges in the transformation from laboratory strains to field products, such as stability, ecological competition, and predictability of effects. On this basis, this paper proposed to shift the research and development paradigm from reliance on natural screening to rational design based on adaptive evolution, mutagenesis breeding, and synthetic biology, thereby actively integrating excellent agronomic traits and environmental adaptability through targeted cold-tolerance modification of existing high-efficiency functional strains. In response to the ecological interactions between exogenous microorganisms and indigenous microorganisms and their colonization barriers, strategies such as pre-adaptation acclimation, niche engineering, and functional gene insertion were proposed. Meanwhile, by integrating cutting-edge technologies such as smart material delivery, microbial community construction, and big data-based precision application, the future development direction of intelligent responsive microbial inoculants was envisioned.Promoting the shift of cold-tolerant microbial inoculants from functional design to ecological integration was a key technological path to achieving green and efficient transformation in cold-region agriculture, and it also clarified the development direction and implementation path for microbial technology innovation in climate-resilient agriculture.

Key words: cold tolerance, microbial inoculant, engineering construction, cold-region crops, stress resistance and yield increase, application research

中图分类号:

S144
S476

商亮, 曹旭, 姜超, 王笑庸, 樊川, 陈静宇, 孟利强. 耐低温微生物菌剂工程化构建及其在寒地作物抗逆增产上的应用[J]. 湖北农业科学, 2026, 65(10): 43-50.

SHANG Liang, CAO Xu, JIANG Chao, WANG Xiao-yong, FAN Chuan, CHEN Jing-yu, MENG Li-qiang. Engineering construction of cold-tolerant microbial inoculant and its application on stress resistance and yield increase of cold-region crops[J]. HUBEI AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, 2026, 65(10): 43-50.

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