湖北农业科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 65 ›› Issue (10): 92-97.doi: 10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2026.10.013

• 植物保护 • 上一篇    下一篇

栝楼炭疽病病原菌鉴定及中草药提取物抑菌活性筛选

李兴宏1, 邢铃凯1, 何艳秋2a, 崔晓芳2a, 李卫文2b, 迟元凯2a, 徐阿妹2a, 赵伟2a, 谢冬梅1   

  1. 1.安徽中医药大学药学院,合肥 230012;
    2.安徽省农业科学院,a.植物保护与农产品质量安全研究所;b.园艺研究所,合肥 230031
  • 收稿日期:2026-04-23 出版日期:2026-10-25 发布日期:2026-10-23
  • 通讯作者: 谢冬梅,教授,主要从事中药资源开发与中药质量评价研究,(电子信箱)xiedongmei96@126.com。
  • 作者简介:李兴宏(2002-),男,安徽金寨人,在读硕士研究生,研究方向为中药资源开发与利用,(电子信箱)1918421972@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    安徽中医药大学-潜山市医药健康发展技术研究中心科研攻关项目(2021QSHZ01-2); 安徽省农业科学院青年英才计划项目(QNYC-201911); 现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-21)

Identification of the pathogen causing anthracnose on Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. and screening of antifungal activities of Chinese herbal extracts

LI Xing-hong1, XING Ling-kai1, HE Yan-qiu2a, CUI Xiao-fang2a, LI Wei-wen2b, CHI Yuan-kai2a, XU A-mei2a, ZHAO Wei2a, XIE Dong-mei1   

  1. 1. College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China;
    2a.Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-product Safety; 2b.Institute of Horticulture,Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031,China
  • Received:2026-04-23 Published:2026-10-25 Online:2026-10-23

摘要: 为探究安徽省栝楼(Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim.)炭疽病致病菌的类型,通过组织分离法对栝楼炭疽病样品进行病原菌分离,结合致病性测定、形态学和分子生物学分析鉴定病原菌种类。结果表明,分离得到的新型栝楼炭疽病菌为隐秘炭疽菌(Colletotrichum aenigma)。进一步选取20种中草药提取物,采用菌丝生长速率法测定其对栝楼炭疽菌的抑菌活性,筛选出抑菌效果最佳的提取物并开展室内毒力测定。结果显示,当提取物质量浓度为15 mg/mL时,博落回[Macleaya cordata (Willd.) R. Br.]、蛇床子[Cnidium monnieri(L.)Cuss.]和苦参(Sophora flavescens Ait.)提取物均表现出较好的抑菌活性,其中博落回提取物对隐秘炭疽菌及其他3种炭疽菌的抑制率均超过80%,EC50为0.949 7~4.282 0 mg/mL。隐秘炭疽菌为首次从栽培栝楼中发现的病原菌;博落回提取物对该病原菌及其他3种炭疽菌的菌丝生长具有显著抑制作用。

关键词: 栝楼(Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim.), 隐秘炭疽菌(Colletotrichum aenigma), 中草药提取物, 博落回[Macleaya cordata (Willd.) R. Br.], 绿色防控

Abstract: To explore the types of pathogenic fungi causing anthracnose on Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. in Anhui Province, pathogenic fungi were isolated from anthracnose samples of Trichosanthes kirilowii by the tissue isolation method, and were identified through pathogenicity testing, morphological and molecular biological analysis. The results showed that the new type of anthracnose pathogen on Trichosanthes kirilowii was Colletotrichum aenigma. Further, 20 kinds of Chinese herbal medicine extracts were selected, and the mycelial growth rate method was used to determine their antifungal activity against the Colletotrichum pathogen on Trichosanthes kirilowii. The extract with the best antifungal effect was screened out and indoor toxicity determination was carried out. The results showed that when the mass concentration of the extracts was 15 mg/mL, the extracts of Macleaya cordata (Willd.) R. Br., Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cuss., and Sophora flavescens Ait. all showed good antifungal activity, and the inhibition rates of Macleaya cordata extract against Colletotrichum aenigma and the other three Colletotrichum species all exceeded 80%, with EC50 of 0.949 7-4.282 0 mg/mL. Colletotrichum aenigma was the pathogen first discovered from cultivated Trichosanthes kirilowii, and Macleaya cordata extract had a significant inhibitory effect on the mycelial growth of this pathogen and the other three Colletotrichum species.

Key words: Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim., Colletotrichum aenigma, Chinese medicine extracts, Macleaya cordata (Willd.) R. Br., green prevention and control

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