关键词: 近代, 沙市海关, 档案, 气象资料, 初探, 展望

Abstract: Based on collecting and arranging the meteorological data of Shashi customs in Jingzhou archives, the classification and application of the meteorological data in modern times was analyzed. The results showed that the meteorological archives stored in the Jingzhou archives were well preserved. The stored meteorological data also involved the former customs offices in many other cities, such as Chongqing, Changsha, Wenzhou, Wuzhou, etc.. The rich records of the contents, which were relatively rare in originality, had high value at academic research and reutilization. Due to the limited collection of meteorological data, the monthly maximum and minimum temperature in 1934 were compared with the mean monthly extreme high temperature and low temperature since 1954 when Jingzhou Meteorological Station was established. It showed that the monthly extreme high temperature presented increasing trend since 1954, while the monthly extreme low temperature presented decreasing trend, and the monthly temperature difference increased. It supported the theory of climate warming trend in Jingzhou by modern meteorological records. It need more search of breadth and depth on meteorological observation data in Jingzhou to explore the climate change in Jingzhou during the past 100 years.

Key words: modern times, Shashi customs, archives, meteorological data, preliminary study, prospect