乡村振兴背景下广东省农业面源污染时空分析与防治对策

doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.13.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 农业面源污染是目前影响农村生态环境恶化的主要原因之一,严重制约了农村增绿、农业增效和农民增收。以广东省为例,采用排污系数法估算2008—2017年农业面源污染的化学需氧量（COD）、总氮（TN）、总磷（TP）污染负荷,结合ArcGIS 10.2可视化分析其时空特征,并通过各污染物的地均排放量及其综合指数对广东省21个地市农业面源污染强度进行风险分析及提出针对性措施。结果表明,2017年广东省农村地区COD、TN及TP污染物排放量分别为104.47 万、16.87万、2.45万t;2008—2017年 COD、TN及TP污染强度整体呈逐年下降的趋势,但2016—2017年部分地区变化幅度明显,主要由于化肥使用量、畜禽养殖量大幅增加。21个地市农业面源污染风险大小顺序为茂名、汕头、湛江、珠海、佛山、阳江、中山、江门、揭阳、肇庆、潮州、汕尾、广州、清远、云浮、深圳、梅州、惠州、韶关、河源、东莞。乡村振兴背景下探究农业面源污染时空分布与风险特征,提出污染防治针对性措施,有利于广东省开展农业绿色发展行动,推进“美丽中国”建设。

关键词: 乡村振兴战略, 农业面源污染, 时空分析, 风险分析, 广东省

Abstract: Agricultural non-point source pollution is one of the main reasons that affect the deterioration of rural ecological environment, which seriously restricts rural greening, agricultural efficiency and farmers' income. Taking Guangdong province as an example, the pollutant discharge coefficient method was used to estimate the chemical oxygen demand （COD）, total nitrogen （TN） and total phosphorus （TP） pollution load of agricultural non-point source pollution from 2008 to 2017, and its spatial distribution was visually analyzed with ArcGIS 10.2. Through the average emission of each pollutant and its comprehensive index, the risk analysis of agricultural non-point source pollution intensity in 21 cities of Guangdong province was carried out and targeted measures were proposed. The results showed that the COD, TN and TP pollutant emissions in rural areas of Guangdong province were 1 044 700 tons, 168 700 tons and 24 500 tons respectively in 2017. The pollution intensity of COD, TN and TP from 2008 to 2017 showed a trend of decreasing year by year. However, the changes in some regions from 2016 to 2017 were obvious, mainly due to the increase in fertilizer use and livestock and poultry farming. The order of agricultural non-point source pollution risks in 21 cities showed as decreased order of Maoming, Shantou, Zhanjiang, Zhuhai, Foshan, Yangjiang, Zhongshan, Jiangmen, Jieyang, Zhaoqing, Chaozhou, Shanwei, Guangzhou, Qingyuan, Yunfu, Shenzhen, Meizhou, Huizhou, Shaoguan, Heyuan and Dongguan. In the context of rural revitalization, this paper explores the temporal and spatial distribution and risk characteristics of agricultural non-point source pollution, and proposes targeted measures for pollution prevention and control, which is conducive to Guangdong's agricultural green development action and promote the construction of “beautiful China”.

Key words: rural revitalization strategy, agricultural non-point source pollution, temporal and spatial analysis, risk analysis, Guangdong province

中图分类号:

X592

张明浩. 乡村振兴背景下广东省农业面源污染时空分析与防治对策[J]. 湖北农业科学, 2021, 60(13): 42-50.

ZHANG Ming-hao. Temporal and spatial analysis and countermeasures of agricultural non-point source pollution in Guangdong province under the background of rural revitalization[J]. HUBEI AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, 2021, 60(13): 42-50.

参考文献

[1] 宋家永,李英涛,宋宇,等.农业面源污染的研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(11):362-365.
[2] 国家统计局.第一次全国污染源普查公报(2010)[EB/OL]. http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/tjgb/qttjgb/qgqttjgb/201002/t20100211_30641.html,2018-03-02.
[3] ABLER D.Economic evaluation of agricultural pollution control options for China[J].Journal of integrative agriculture,2015,14(6):1045-1056.
[4] 梁流涛,冯淑怡,曲福田.农业面源污染形成机制:理论与实证[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2010,20(4):74-80.
[5] 郑田甜,赵筱青,卢飞飞,等.云南星云湖流域种植业面源污染驱动力分析[J].生态与农村环境学报,2019,35(6):730-737.
[6] 连煜阳,刘静,金书秦.农业面源污染治理探析——从新型肥料生产环节视角[J].中国环境管理,2019,11(2):18-22.
[7] 周志波,张卫国.基于环境税的两部门政策与农业面源污染规制[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2019,41(3):89-100.
[8] 龙云,任力.农地流转对农业面源污染的影响——基于农户行为视角[J].经济学家,2016(8):81-87.
[9] 兰婷. 乡村振兴背景下农业面源污染多主体合作治理模式研究[J].农村经济,2019(1):8-14.
[10] 夏秋,李丹,周宏.农户兼业对农业面源污染的影响研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2018,28(12):131-138.
[11] 武淑霞,刘宏斌,刘申,等.农业面源污染现状及防控技术[J].中国工程科学,2018,20(5):23-30.
[12] 廖炜,李璐,杨伟,等.城镇化过程中的流域面源污染时空变化[J].长江流域资源与环境,2018,27(8):1776-1783.
[13] 田若蘅,黄成毅,邓良基,等.四川省化肥面源污染环境风险评估及趋势模拟[J].中国生态农业学报,2018,26(11):1739-1751.
[14] 丘雯文,钟涨宝,李兆亮,等.中国农业面源污染排放格局的时空特征[J].中国农业资源与区划,2019,40(1):26-34.
[15] 廖仁郡,陈玉成.重庆市规模化畜禽养殖氨排放特征及减排策略研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2017,25(5):769-777.
[16] 刘涛,谷佳桐,郑晶.规模化畜禽养殖的外部环境成本测度——以广东省为例[J].江苏农业科学,2017,45(2):293-298.
[17] 2017年广东国民经济和社会发展统计公报[EB/OL].http://stats.gd.gov.cn/tjgb/content/post_1430134.html,2018-03-02.
[18] 2016年广东国民经济和社会发展统计公报[EB/OL].http://stats.gd.gov.cn/tjgb/content/post_1430126.html,2017-03-06.
[19] 广东省统计局.2018年广东省统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2018.
[20] 熊昭昭,王书月,童雨,等.江西省农业面源污染时空特征及污染风险分析[J].农业环境科学学报,2018,37(12):2821-2828.
[21] EDWIN D O, ZHANG X L, YU T.Current status of agricultural and ruralnon-point source pollution assessment in China[J]. Environmental pollution, 2010, 198:1159-1168.
[22] 吴义根,冯开文,李谷成.我国农业面源污染的时空分异与动态演进[J].中国农业大学学报,2017,22(7):186-199.
[23] 叶延琼,章家恩,李逸勉,等.基于GIS的广东省农业面源污染的时空分异研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2013,32(2):369-377.
[24] 闵继胜,孔祥智.我国农业面源污染问题的研究进展[J].华中农业大学学报(社会科学版),2016(2):59-66,136.
[25] 韩书成,龚亚男,汤新明.基于GIS的湛江市农业面源污染的时空分析[J].国土资源科技管理,2018,35(6):1-16.
[26] 张郁,刘洁,杨青山.黑龙江垦区农业生产与面源污染的脱钩分析与调控模拟[J].经济地理,2017,37(6):177-182.