七种草本植物对台州滩涂盐渍土的改良效果

doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2021.16.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为评价常见耐盐植物对滨海盐渍土的改良效果,在台州滩涂围垦区构建紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa）、盐地碱蓬（Suaeda salsa）、草木樨（Melilotus officinalis）、甜高粱（Sorghum dochna）、高丹草（Sorghum bicolor×Sorghum sudanense）、黑麦草（Lolium perenne）和田菁（Sesbania cannabina）7个人工种群,测定了植物种植后0~10 cm土壤的理化性质、微生物数目和土壤酶活性等指标。结果表明,种植土壤含盐量、pH和土壤容重随时间增加而逐渐降低,与对照（裸地）相比,90 d时分别降低6.9%~12.2%、7.5%~10.5%和28.5%~42.5%;种植土壤有机质、全氮、全磷含量和硝酸还原酶活力随时间增加而逐渐升高（个别例外）,与对照相比,90 d时分别增加24.5%~72.3%、10.2%~90.8%、78.9%~181.1%和428.6~533.0%;与对照相比,90 d时种植土壤细菌数目和过氧化氢酶活性随时间增加均无显著性变化;90 d时仅种植甜高粱、高丹草和田菁土壤放线菌数目显著高于对照;通过主成分分析将植物对土壤改良效果相关的10个单项指标转换为5个综合指标,代表了全部信息的97.32%,以此计算各植物种植土壤的隶属函数值,并以主成分的贡献率进行加权,最终获得土壤性质的综合评价值（D）,7种草本植物对台州本地盐渍土改良效果表现为紫花苜蓿>草木樨>高丹草>黑麦草>甜高粱>田菁>盐地碱蓬。

关键词: 盐渍土, 微生物, 土壤酶活性, 主成分分析, 综合评价

Abstract: To evaluate the improvement effects of common salt-tolerant plants on coastal saline soils, seven artificial populations including Medicago sativa, Suaeda salsa, Melilotus officinalis, Sorghum dochna, Sorghum bicolor×Sorghum sudanense, Lolium perenne and Sesbania cannabina were constructed in the Taizhou tidal flat reclamation area, and the physical and chemical properties, the number of microorganisms and soil enzyme activities of 0~10 cm soil were measured after planting in 30 d interval. The results showed that compared with the control （bare land）, the salt content, pH and soil bulk density of the planting soil gradually decreased with increasing the experiment time, which decreased by 6.9%~12.2%, 7.5%~10.5%, and 28.5%~42.5% at 90 d, respectively; Organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus content and nitrate reductase activity of planting soil gradually increased with time （with some exceptions）, compared with the control, they decreased by 24.5%~72.3%, 10.2%~90.8%, 78.9%~181.1% and 428.6~533.0% at 90 d, respectively; Compared with the control, the number of soil bacteria and catalase activity increased had no significant differences at 90 d, but the number of actinomycetes in soil planted with Sorghum dochna, Sorghum Bicolor×Sorghum Sudanense grass and Sesbania cannabina were significantly higher than that of the control on the 90 d; Principal component analysis indicated, the 10 individual indexes related to the effect of plants on soil improvement were converted into 5 comprehensive indexes, representing 97.32% of the total information. In order to calculate the membership function value of the planting soil of each plant, and the contribution rate of the principal component after weighting, the comprehensive evaluation value （D） of soil properties was finally obtained, the improvement effects of 7 herbaceous plants on the local saline soil in Taizhou were Medicago sativa>Melilotus officinalis> Sorghum bicolor×Sorghum sudanense grass>Lolium perenne>Sorghum dochna>Sesbania cannabina>Suaeda salsa.

Key words: saline soil, microorganisms, soil enzyme activity, principal component analysis, comprehensive evaluation

中图分类号:

S156.4

阮佳萍, 杜照奎, 吴夏杉, 戴泽苗, 郁澜, 袁怡琦, 李钧敏. 七种草本植物对台州滩涂盐渍土的改良效果[J]. 湖北农业科学, 2021, 60(16): 50-56.

RUAN Jia-ping, DU Zhao-kui, WU Xia-shan, DAI Ze-miao, YU Lan, YUAN Yi-qi, LI Jun-min. Evaluation of the effects of seven herbaceous plants on the improvement of saline soil in the tidal flat reclamation area of Taizhou[J]. HUBEI AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, 2021, 60(16): 50-56.

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