湖北省夏季小时强降水时空分布特征

doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2022.08.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 利用1983—2017年湖北省夏季（6—8月）74个国家气象站逐小时降水数据,分析了小时强降水时空分布特征。结果表明,夏季≥20、≥30、≥50 mm/h的3类小时雨强频次年际和日变化具有较好的一致性。强降水频次日变化具有双峰型结构特征,分别出现在17：00—20：00和8：00,其中傍晚前后的连续性峰值现象形成了一个持续性活跃强降水时段。湖北省小时强降水多发生在鄂东,随着小时雨强增大,高频次站点随之向西部扩展。特殊地形条件下的地面中尺度辐合线或涡旋是造成小时强降水极大频次站点的重要因素。不同持续时间强降水事件频次日变化显示,下午到傍晚是短历时强降水事件的高发期,蕴涵众多的局地短时强降水,而长历时强降水事件具有“夜发性”,对应于系统性强降水过程;年频次周期性特征显著,短历时存在准12年、准6年和准2年的3个主振荡模态,长历时存在1个准6年主振荡模态。长历时强降水高频次站点多集中于鄂东地区,与湖北省夏季西南低空急流的发展方向有关,短历时分布范围更广,与夏季局地短时强降水的形成多样有关;极大频次站点分布与湖北省的马蹄状地形有重要关系,多位于湖北省东、西、北三面近山区域。

关键词: 小时强降水, 频次, 持续性, 地形, 湖北省

Abstract: Based on the qualified hourly precipitation data of 74 national meteorological stations in Hubei province from June to August during 1983—2017, the spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of hourly heavy rainfall during summer were investigated. The results showed that the annal variation and diurnal variation of frequency during summer were nearly identical to the thresholds above 20, 30, 50 mm per hourly. The diurnal variation of heavy rainfall frequency was the characteristics of double-peak structure, which happened on 17：00—20：00 and 8：00,respectively, the continuous peak value during the evening formed a sustained active heavy rainfall period. The hourly heavy rainfall mostly occurred in the eastern part of Hubei province. With the increase of hourly heavy rainfall intensity, the high-frequency stations expanded to the west. The mesoscale convergence line or vortex on the ground under special topographic conditions was an important factor that caused the maximum frequency stations of hourly heavy rainfall. The diurnal variation of heavy rainfall frequency events with different durations showed that the high-occurrence period of short-duration heavy rainfall events was from afternoon to evening, which contained many local short duration heavy rainfall events, while the long duration heavy rainfall events were nocturnal, corresponding to the systematic heavy rainall process. There were three main oscillation modes of quasi-12 years, quasi-6 years and quasi-2 years for short duration, and one main oscillation mode of quasi-6 years for long duration. The high frequency stations of long duration heavy rainfall events were mostly concentrated in eastern Hubei, which was related to the development direction of southwest low-level jet stream in summer, while the short duration distribution was more extensive, which was related to the formation variety of local short-duration heavy rainfall in summer. The distribution of maximum frequency stations was closely related to the horseshoe topography of Hubei province, and most of them were located in the mountainous areas on the east, west and north sides of Hubei province.

Key words: hourly heavy rainfall, frequency, duration, terrain, Hubei province

中图分类号:

P458.1⁺21.1

谌伟, 刘佩廷, 徐迎春, 张丽, 杨海鹏, 曹恒煜. 湖北省夏季小时强降水时空分布特征[J]. 湖北农业科学, 2022, 61(8): 56-61.

CHEN Wei, LIU Pei-ting, XU Ying-chun, ZHANG Li, YANG Hai-peng, CAO Heng-yu. Spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of hourly heavy rainfall in Hubei province during summer[J]. HUBEI AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, 2022, 61(8): 56-61.

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