湖北农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (6): 114-119.doi: 10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.06.021

• 园艺·特产 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同品种油茶果大小对其经济性状的影响

杨小菊1, 杨胜优1, 罗倩1, 魏芳怡1, 龙雪燕1, 廖婷婷1, 王佳乐2, 胡玉玲2   

  1. 1.铜仁学院农林工程与规划学院,贵州 铜仁 554300;
    2.湖南应用技术学院农林科技学院,湖南 常德 415000
  • 收稿日期:2021-04-07 出版日期:2023-06-25 发布日期:2023-07-18
  • 通讯作者: 胡玉玲(1977-),男,副教授,博士,主要从事经济林栽培与育种研究,(电话)19984469970(电子信箱)huyulin@126.com。
  • 作者简介:杨小菊(1998-),女,贵州六盘水人,在读本科生,研究方向为林学和油茶栽培,(电话)18748748823(电子信箱)1649187158@qq.com。
  • 基金资助:
    贵州省科技支撑计划项目(黔科合支撑[2019]2312号); 湖南省教育厅重点项目(22A0714); 湖南省“十四五”应用特色学科(林学)(湘教通[2022]351); 贵州省2022年大学生创新创业大赛项目(S202210665098); 湖南省2022年大学生创新创业大赛项目(202213809035)

Effects of fruit size on economic characters of different varieties of Camellia oleifera

YANG Xiao-ju1, YANG Sheng-you1, LUO Qian1, WEI Fang-yi1, LONG Xue-yan1, LIAO Ting-ting1, WANG Jia-le2, HU Yu-ling2   

  1. 1. School of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering and Planning, Tongren University, Tongren 554300, Guizhou,China;
    2. College of Agriculture and Forestry Technology, Hunan Applied Technology University, Changde 415000, Hunan,China
  • Received:2021-04-07 Online:2023-06-25 Published:2023-07-18

摘要: 将贵州省铜仁市主栽9个油茶(Camellia oleifera Abel.)品种依据果径大小,分成大、中和小茶果,并测定其相关经济性状指标,分析不同品种不同果径大小对其经济性状的影响。结果表明,不同果径大小对油茶果各项经济性状影响明显,从茶果鲜出子率来看,华硕、长林40、岑溪软枝、湘林210和长林53培育大果,华金和华鑫培育中果,均可以提高鲜出子率;从茶子出仁率来看,华硕、长林4培育中果,华金、华鑫、长林40、岑溪软枝和长林18培育大果,茶子出仁率均较高;从种仁含油率来看,华金、长林40和湘林210培育大果,华硕、长林4、岑溪软枝、华鑫培育中果有利于种仁油脂积累;种仁含油率与鲜出子率呈极显著正相关,与出仁率呈显著正相关,与子含水率呈极显著负相关,与单子重呈显著负相关;100 g鲜果产油量与鲜出子率、种仁含油率呈极显著正相关,与果形指数、出仁率呈显著正相关,与子含水率呈极显著负相关。因此,以高产为培育目标,华金、长林40、岑溪软枝、湘林210和长林53疏除小果培育大果,长林18、长林4、华鑫、华硕可不采取任何疏果措施。

关键词: 油茶(Camellia oleifera Abel.), 不同品种, 茶果大小, 经济性状, 铜仁市

Abstract: Nine varieties of Camellia oleifera mainly planted in Tongren City, Guizhou Province were divided into large, medium and small camellia fruits according to the fruit diameter, and their related economic characters were measured, and the effects of different varieties with different fruit diameters on their economic characters were analyzed. The results showed that different fruit diameters had obvious effects on various economic characters of Camellia oleifera. From the fresh seed rate of Camellia oleifera, Huashuo, Changlin 40, Cenxiruanzhi, Xianglin 210 and Changlin 53 cultivated large fruits, and Huajin and Huaxin cultivated medium fruits, all of which could improve the fresh seed rate. Judging from the kernel-fruit ratio of tea seeds, Huashuo and Changlin 4 cultivated medium fruits, while Huajin, Huaxin, Changlin 40, Cenxiruanzhi and Changlin 18 cultivated large fruits, all of which were relatively high with the kernel-fruit ratio of tea seeds; judging from the oil content of seed kernel, Huajin, Changlin 40 and Xianglin 210 cultivated big fruits, while Huashuo, Changlin 4, Cenxiruanzhi and Huaxin cultivated middle fruits, which were beneficial to the accumulation of seed kernel oil; the oil content of seed kernel was extremely significant positively correlated with fresh seed yield, positively correlated with kernel yield, extremely significant negatively correlated with seed moisture content and negatively correlated with single seed weigh; the oil yield of 100 g fresh fruit was extremely significant positively correlated with fresh seed rate and kernel oil rate, positively correlated with fruit shape index and kernel rate, and extremely significant negatively correlated with seed moisture content. Therefore, in order to cultivate high yield, Huajin, Changlin 40, Cenxiruanzhi, Xianglin 210 and Changlin 53 could cultivate large fruits by thinning small fruits, while Changlin 18, Changlin 4, Huaxin and Huashuo could not take any fruit thinning measures.

Key words: Camellia oleifera Abel., different varieties, tea fruit size, economic character, Tongren City

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