不同N、P、K配比对玉米光合生理特性、光合产物及子粒产量的影响

doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.10.004

湖北农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (10): 13-21.doi: 10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.10.004

不同N、P、K配比对玉米光合生理特性、光合产物及子粒产量的影响

祝静雪^1,2, 王莹³, 房晓琨¹, 陈展宇¹

1.吉林农业大学农学院,长春 130118;
2.吉林长春国家农业高新技术产业示范区,吉林公主岭 136100;
3.舒兰市小城镇综合服务中心,吉林舒兰 132606

收稿日期:2022-04-21 发布日期:2023-11-14
通讯作者: 陈展宇（1972-）,男,吉林长春人,教授,博士,主要从事作物栽培生理研究,（电话）13844148600（电子信箱）chenzhanyu2000@sina.com。
作者简介:祝静雪（1992-）,女,吉林吉林人,农艺师,硕士,主要从事农业技术推广工作,（电话）13244228917（电子信箱）940534968@qq.com.

Effects of different N, P, and K ratios on photosynthetic physiological characteristics, photosynthetic products, and grain yield of maize

ZHU Jing-xue^1,2, WANG Ying³, FANG Xiao-kun¹, CHEN Zhan-yu¹

1. Faculty of Agronomy,Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118,China;
2. Jilin Changchun National Agricultural High-tech Industry Demonstration Zone, Gongzhuling 136100, Jilin, China;
3. Shulan City Small Town Comprehensive Service Center, Shulan 132606, Jilin, China

Received:2022-04-21 Published:2023-11-14

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探明不同N、P、K配比对玉米（Zea mays L.）光合生理特性、光合产物及子粒产量的影响,采用大田试验,研究其不同施肥水平下不同生育期叶片光合物质生产能力的差异,探索玉米最佳施肥量,以期为吉林省中北部地区玉米高产高效施肥提供参考。结果表明,从拔节期到成熟期玉米叶片叶绿素含量整体呈先上升后下降趋势,叶片净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）、蒸腾速率（Tr）整体呈下降趋势,T10处理最高,叶片胞间CO₂浓度（Ci）呈先下降后上升趋势;从拔节期到成熟期T10处理的可溶性蛋白质含量、可溶性糖含量、淀粉含量均最高,玉米叶片可溶性蛋白质含量、可溶性糖含量呈先上升后下降趋势,叶片淀粉含量呈下降趋势;合理的N、P、K配施对玉米的茎粗有一定的影响,株高、茎粗除N肥起决定作用外,与P、K肥也有一定的关系;T7处理的倒伏率最高,T1处理的倒伏率最低;T10处理的玉米子粒产量最高,比对照T0增产176.6%,差异达到极显著水平。因此N为3水平的T10处理在光合生理特性、子粒产量方面综合表现最佳。

关键词: 玉米（Zea mays L.）, 施肥水平, 光合生理特性, 光合产物, 子粒产量

Abstract: In order to investigate the effects of different N, P, and K ratios on the photosynthetic physiological characteristics, photosynthetic products, and grain yield of maize （Zea mays L.）, field experiments were conducted to study the differences in leaf photosynthetic material production capacity at different growth stages under different fertilization levels, and to explore the optimal fertilization amount for maize, in order to provide reference for high-yield and efficient fertilization of maize in the central and northern regions of Jilin Province. The results showed that from the jointing stage to the mature stage, the chlorophyll content of maize leaves showed an overall trend of first increasing and then decreasing, while the net photosynthetic rate （Pn）, stomatal conductance （Gs）, and transpiration rate （Tr） of leaves showed an overall downward trend. T10 treatment was the highest, and the intercellular CO₂ concentration （Ci） of leaves showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing;the soluble protein content, soluble sugar content, and starch content of T10 treatment were the highest from the jointing stage to the mature stage. The soluble protein content and soluble sugar content of corn leaves showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, while the starch content of leaves showed a trend of decreasing;reasonable application of N, P, and K had a certain impact on the stem diameter of corn. In addition to N fertilizer playing a decisive role, plant height and stem diameter were also related to P and K fertilizers;the lodging rate of T7 treatment was the highest, while the lodging rate of T1 treatment was the lowest; the maize grain yield under T10 treatment was the highest, with an increase of 176.6% compared to the control T0, and the difference reached a very significant level. Therefore, T10 treatment with N fertilizer level of 3 performed the best in terms of photosynthetic physiological characteristics and grain yield.

Key words: maize（Zea mays L）, fertilization levels, photosynthetic physiological characteristics, photosynthetic products, grain yield

中图分类号:

S513

祝静雪, 王莹, 房晓琨, 陈展宇. 不同N、P、K配比对玉米光合生理特性、光合产物及子粒产量的影响[J]. 湖北农业科学, 2023, 62(10): 13-21.

ZHU Jing-xue, WANG Ying, FANG Xiao-kun, CHEN Zhan-yu. Effects of different N, P, and K ratios on photosynthetic physiological characteristics, photosynthetic products, and grain yield of maize[J]. HUBEI AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, 2023, 62(10): 13-21.

参考文献

[1] 刘耀权,王林林,李玲玲,等.施氮促进旱作覆膜玉米产量和水分利用效率的生理机制[J].云南农业大学学报(自然科学),2022,37(2):193-202.
[2] 孙笑梅,武庆慧,李宏杰,等.一次性施用减氮增磷钾配方肥对夏玉米产量和养分利用效率的影响[J].华中农业大学学报(自然科学版),2022,41(2):54-60.
[3] 王孝虎,李银昌,宋朝玉,等.肥密耦合提高玉米全生育期茎倒抗性[J].山东农业科学,2022,54(3):35-42.
[4] 刘志鹏,陈曦,杨梦雅,等.氮量及减灌对冬小麦旗叶生理参数和细胞保护酶活性的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2018,38(2):175-182.
[5] 李欣欣,石祖梁,王久臣,等.施氮量和种植密度对稻茬晚播小麦干物质积累及光合特性的影响[J].华北农学报,2020,35(5):140-148.
[6] 王维俊, 章建新. 春玉米品种光合特性及产量比较[J]. 新疆农业大学学报, 2014, 37(6):435-440.
[7] 付健, 王聪, 杨克军,等. 不同种植方式和密度对寒地高产玉米郑单958光合特性及产量的影响[J]. 江苏农业科学, 2014, 42(10):88-91.
[8] TANKARI M,WANG C,MA H Y,et al.Drought priming improved water status,photosynthesis and water productivity of cowpea during post-anthesis drought stress[J]. Agricultural water management, 2021,245:106565.
[9] 宋航,杨艳,周卫霞,等.光、氮及其互作对玉米光合特性与物质生产的影响[J].玉米科学,2017,25(1):121-126.
[10] JAFARIKOUHIIN N,KAZEMEINNI S A,SINCLAIR T.Sweet corn nitrogen accumulation, leaf photosynthesis rate, and radiation use efficiency under variable nitrogen fertility and irrigation[J]. Field crops research,2020,257:107913.
[11] ANAS M,LIAO F,VERMA K K,et al.Fate of nitrogen in agriculture and environment:Agronomic,eco-physiological and molecular approaches to improve nitrogen use efficiency[J]. Biological research,2020,53(1):47.
[12] 陈丛斌,张海楼,隋世江.铁岭地区水稻测土施肥产量及经济效益分析[J].农业经济,2018(7):32-34.
[13] 吉艳芝, 冯万忠, 郝晓然,等. 不同施肥模式对华北平原小麦-玉米轮作体系产量及土壤硝态氮的影响[J].生态环境学报, 2014,23(11):1725-1731.
[14] 赵旭,宋清晖,王晓慧,等.几种有机肥对玉米光合特性及土壤酶活性的影响[J].中国农学通报. 2021,37(3):36-42.
[15] 万鹏,杜锦,曹高燚,等.施钾量对玉米产量及叶片部分酶活性的影响[J].玉米科学,2016,24(6):149-154.
[16] 杨艳辉. 玉米测土配方施肥应用现状及对策[J].南方农机,2022,53(7):60-62.
[17] 陈展宇,张治安. 植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2022.
[18] 张吉立. 不同硝酸钾用量对早熟禾生长性状的影响[J].上海交通大学学报(农业科学版),2016,34(1):81-84.
[19] 王海燕,高聚林,王志刚,等.高密度对超高产春玉米花粒期叶片衰老与根系活力的影响[J].玉米科学,2012(2):75-81.
[20] 王晓娟,贾志宽,梁连友,等.不同有机肥量对旱地玉米光合特性和产量的影响[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(2):419-425.
[21] 刘晓伟,王伟伟,张浩月,等.土壤缺钾对冬小麦碳氮代谢的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2020,40(8):981-989.
[22] 徐峰,钟文,胡昕,等.不同品种缓控释肥对玉米产量性状、养分吸收及籽粒品质的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2021,49(24):172-174.
[23] 王海泽,刘志萍,巴图,等.不同施氮水平下大麦可溶性糖与淀粉积累的关系[J].西南农业学报,2022,35(2):319-328.
[24] 张善炫,黄影华,张华杰,等.不同氮肥梯度下甜玉米株高和茎粗变化规律研究[J].湖北农业科学,2020,59(12):17-21.
[25] 李明,唐炳雪,卞乐怡,等.不同钾肥水平下糯玉米茎粗和株高变化规律分析[J]仲恺农业工程学院学报,2018,31(3):20-23.
[26] 梁海燕,李海,丁超,等.钾肥对糜子茎秆形态、力学、生理特性及抗倒伏能力的影响[J].作物杂志,2021(6):177-181.
[27] 赵霞,王浩然,郑玉珍,等.砂姜黑土区玉米氮磷钾吸收利用的基因型差异[J].玉米科学,2021,29(6):144-150.

不同N、P、K配比对玉米光合生理特性、光合产物及子粒产量的影响

Effects of different N, P, and K ratios on photosynthetic physiological characteristics, photosynthetic products, and grain yield of maize

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 6

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	苏玉环, 马永安, 陈冬梅, 刘庆芳, 李小康, 刘保华, 王伟, 王雪香. 植物生长调节剂对冬小麦茎秆性状及子粒产量的调控效应[J]. 湖北农业科学, 2022, 61(14): 24-27.
[2]	张继卫, 王玉凤, 张翼飞, 李庆, 杨克军, 唐子淳. 耕作方式对松嫩平原半干旱区玉米子粒灌浆特性及产量的影响[J]. 湖北农业科学, 2021, 60(13): 26-30.
[3]	余长平, 周华平, 叶青松, 肖能武, 肖丽丽, 刘永忠, 秦光明. 玉米华玉11丰产、稳产、适应性分析及高产栽培技术[J]. 湖北农业科学, 2020, 59(9): 15-19.
[4]	刘德尧, 赵金玺, 刘小, 王学芬, 韩守良, 孙辉, 刘新程. 沼肥与化肥配施对春玉米生长性状的影响[J]. 湖北农业科学, 2020, 59(5): 63-66.
[5]	王孟, 张军强, 姜汉峰, 商水根, 黄登武, 黄飞跃, 徐印印, 姜硕琛, 邢丹英, 向永生. Ca（OH）₂对酸性土壤玉米生长及土壤养分的影响[J]. 湖北农业科学, 2019, 58(9): 58-60.
[6]	余长平, 周华平, 刘永忠, 肖能武, 叶青松, 封海东, 肖丽丽, 秦光明, 张振, 崔鹏. 玉米双玉919种植密度与施肥量栽培模式研究[J]. 湖北农业科学, 2018, 57(12): 19-21.