微塑料对作物影响的研究进展

doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.06.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 微塑料是尺寸小于 5 mm的塑料颗粒,在土壤中数量多且持久性强,引发了严重的全球环境问题。微塑料会通过根部或叶片进入作物体内,会对作物不同生长阶段产生影响。总结了现有研究中微塑料进入作物体内的途径及作物体内微塑料的检测方法,并探讨了不同微塑料对作物发芽率、生物量、光合作用、氧化应激系统、营养物质、基因表达等的影响,发现微塑料对作物的影响因微塑料特性、作物种类和环境因素而异。在某些试验条件下,微塑料对作物没有影响或有积极影响。然而,更多研究表明,微塑料抑制作物生长,最终影响作物产量,并且微塑料可以通过食物链向上富集,影响人类健康。

关键词: 微塑料, 作物, 迁移富集, 食物链, 风险

Abstract: Microplastics were plastic particles with a size of smaller than 5 millimetres, which were abundant and persistent in soil, posing a serious global environmental problem. Microplastics entered the crop body through the roots or leaves and affected different stages of crop growth. The pathways of microplastics entering the crop body and the detection methods of microplastics in crops of existing research were summarized, and the effects of different microplastics on crop germination rate, biomass, photosynthesis, oxidative stress system, nutrients, gene expression, etc. were explored. It was found that the influence of microplastics on crops varied with the characteristics of microplastics, crop species and environmental factors. Under certain experimental conditions, microplastics had no effect or a positive effect on crops. However, more studies had shown that microplastics could inhibit crop growth and ultimately affect crop yield. Moreover, microplastics could be enriched upward through food chains and affect human health.

Key words: microplastics, crops, migration and enrichment, food chain, risk

中图分类号:

X173
X53

李旺望, 张乐, 蔡慧, 田智全, 张兆威. 微塑料对作物影响的研究进展[J]. 湖北农业科学, 2024, 63(6): 53-59.

LI Wang-wang, ZHANG Le, CAI Hui, TIAN Zhi-quan, ZHANG Zhao-wei. Research progress on the impact of microplastics on crops[J]. HUBEI AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, 2024, 63(6): 53-59.

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