湖北农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 63 ›› Issue (9): 28-34.doi: 10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.09.006

• 资源·环境 • 上一篇    下一篇

江汉平原典型稻虾综合种养模式氮磷流失特征及风险

张怡杰1,2,3, 庄艳华1,2,3, 张沁菁1,2,3, 张亮1,2,3, 张富林4,5   

  1. 1.中国科学院精密测量科学与技术创新研究院/湖北省面源污染防治工程技术研究中心,武汉 430077;
    2.环境与灾害监测评估湖北省重点实验室/湖北洪湖湿地国家生态质量综合监测站,武汉 430077;
    3.中国科学院大学,北京 100049;
    4.湖北省农业科学院植保土肥研究所,武汉 430064;
    5.农业农村部潜江农业环境与耕地保育科学观测实验站,湖北 潜江 433116
  • 收稿日期:2024-07-02 出版日期:2024-09-25 发布日期:2024-09-30
  • 通讯作者: 庄艳华,研究员,主要从事农业面源污染、流域水环境演变、农田面源与温室气体协同减排研究,(电子信箱)zhuang@apm.ac.cn。
  • 作者简介:张怡杰(1998-),女,山西临汾人,在读硕士研究生,研究方向为面源污染监测与防治,(电话)15934511561(电子信箱)zhangyj@apm.ac.cn。
  • 基金资助:
    湖北省自然科学基金项目(2021CFA083; 2024AFA020); 国家自然科学基金项目(U21A2025)

Characteristics and risk of nitrogen and phosphorus losses of typical rice-crayfish farming patterns in the Jianghan Plain

ZHANG Yi-jie1,2,3, ZHUANG Yan-hua1,2,3, ZHANG Qin-jing1,2,3, ZHANG Liang1,2,3, ZHANG Fu-lin4,5   

  1. 1. Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology/Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Non-Point Source Pollution Control, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China;
    2. Key Laboratory for Environment and Disaster Monitoring and Evaluation, Hubei/Jianghan Plain-Honghu Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Wuhan 430077, China;
    3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
    4. Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China;
    5. Qianjiang Agricultural Environment and Cultivated Land Conservation Scientific Observation and Experiment Station, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qianjaing 433116, Hubei, China
  • Received:2024-07-02 Published:2024-09-25 Online:2024-09-30

摘要: 选择江汉平原稻虾综合种养典型区域湖北省潜江市浩口镇作为研究区,研究单一稻作(RM)、稻虾共作(RCC)、稻虾共生(RCS)3种典型模式稻季氮磷流失特征及其风险。田间原位监测表明,RCS田面水水位显著高于RM和RCC(P<0.001);全生育期田面水总氮(TN)平均浓度表现为RCC[(4.44±6.61) mg/L]>RM[(3.23±5.54) mg/L]>RCS[(2.95±4.71) mg/L],总磷(TP)平均浓度表现为RCC[(0.38±0.46) mg/L]>RCS[(0.37±0.42) mg/L]>RM[(0.22±0.26) mg/L]。RCC、RCS模式TN流失负荷分别是RM模式的1.39、1.19倍,TP流失负荷分别是RM模式的2.19、10.16倍;整体上,稻虾综合种养模式的氮磷流失负荷大于单一稻作。RM、RCC氮磷流失关键期为施肥后1周与降雨的耦合期,RCS氮磷流失关键期为成虾收获排水期。影响RM、RCC、RCS模式氮磷流失的关键影响因素分别是降雨、施肥,降雨、投饵、频繁的人为灌排水,高水位运行、成虾收获期人为排水。

关键词: 稻虾综合种养模式, 农业面源污染, 氮磷流失, 江汉平原

Abstract: Houkou Twon, Qianjaing City, Hubei Province, a typical area of rice-shrimp integrated farming in Jianghan Plain, was selected as the study area to reveal the characteristics and risk of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) losses in rice season under three typical patterns of rice monoculture (RM), rice-crayfish coculture (RCC) and rice-crayfish symbiosis (RCS). The results of the field in situ monitoring indicated that the surface water level in RCS was significantly higher than that of RM and RCC during the whole growth period (P<0.001). Additionally, the average TN concentration was highest in the RCS [(4.44±6.61) mg/L], followed by RM [(3.23±5.54) mg/L] and RCC [(2.95±4.71) mg/L]; the average TP concentration was highest in RCC [(0.38±0.46) mg/L], followed by RCS [(0.37±0.42) mg/L] and RM [(0.22±0.26) mg/L]. TN loss loads of RCC and RCS were 1.39 and 1.19 times of RM, respectively; and the TP loss loads of RCC and RCS were 2.19, 10.16 times of RM. Overall, the loss loads of the rice-crayfish farming patterns were higher than those of the rice monoculture pattern. The critical periods for TN and TP loss in RM and RCC were the coupling period of the 1 week after fertilization and the rainfall, and the critical periods in RCS were during the drainage period for shrimp harvesting. In RM, the critical factors affecting the TN/TP loss were rainfall and fertilization; in RCC, the critical factors were rainfall, shrimp bait use and frequent anthropogenic drainage; in RCS, the water management with high surface water level and the anthropogenic drainage during the shrimp harvest were the critical factors.

Key words: rice-crayfish farming pattern, agricultural non-point source pollution, nitrogen and phosphorus losses, Jianghan Plain

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