关键词: 苦瓜（Momordica charantia L.）, 品质性状, 主基因+多基因, 遗传分析

Abstract: The quality characters of dry matter content, soluble protein content and nitrate content of bitter gourd（Momordica charantia L.） were studied and their genetic mechanism was analyzed. With the female line Z-1-4 as the maternal parent and the high quality inbred lines 2538, 5325 and 5321 as the paternity, the genetic population of 4 generations [P₁（parental）, P₂, F₁, F₂] of 3 combinations was constructed. The genetic and correlation analysis of dry matter content, soluble protein content and nitrate content of bitter gourd was carried out by combining the mixed genetic model of major gene and polygene. The results showed that the optimal genetic model for dry matter content of commercial bitter gourd was the equal additive major gene additive + polygene model, and the heritability was high. The optimal genetic model for soluble protein content in commercial bitter gourd was the negative completely dominant major gene + additive-dominant polygene model with low heritability, which was suitable for genetic selection in early generations. The optimal genetic model for nitrate content in commercial bitter gourd was 2 pairs of additive-dominant major gene + additive-dominant polygene model, and the heritability was also low. The heritability of soluble protein and nitrate was relatively low, which was suitable for phenotypic selection in high generation.

Key words: bitter gourd（Momordica charantia L.）, quality character, major gene + polygene, genetic analysis