湖北农业科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 65 ›› Issue (8): 24-31.doi: 10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2026.08.005

• 育种·栽培 • 上一篇    下一篇

低温冻害对油菜叶片光合特性和产量的影响

李菲1,2,3, 杨再强1, 赵梦凡2,3, 钟存4, 李璠2,3   

  1. 1.南京信息工程大学生态与应用气象学院,南京 210044;
    2.青海省防灾减灾重点实验室,西宁 810001;
    3.青海省气象科学研究所,西宁 810001;
    4.贵德县气象局,青海 贵德 811700
  • 收稿日期:2026-04-24 发布日期:2026-09-02
  • 通讯作者: 赵梦凡(1991-),女,工程师,硕士,主要从事农牧业气象与生态方面的研究,(电子信箱)zhaomengfan1001@163.com。
  • 作者简介:李 菲(1998-),女,青海西宁人,工程师,硕士,主要从事农业气象研究,(电子信箱)541118106@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    青海省防灾减灾重点实验室开放基金面上项目(QFZ-2024-M09)

Effects of low-temperature freezing injury on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of rapeseed

LI Fei1,2,3, YANG Zai-qiang1, ZHAO Meng-fan2,3, ZHONG Cun4, LI Fan2,3   

  1. 1. School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China;
    2. Qinghai Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Xining 810001, China;
    3. Qinghai Institute of Meteorological Science, Xining 810001, China;
    4. Guide Meteorological Bureau, Guide 811700, Qinghai, China
  • Received:2026-04-24 Online:2026-09-02

摘要: 为研究低温冻害对油菜(Brassica napus L.)光合特性及产量的影响,以青杂15号为材料,于2025年4—9月在青海省海南藏族自治州现代农业气象试验基地贵德站内开展低温控制试验,最低温度设置为-4、-5、-6、-7、-8、-10 ℃ 6个梯度,持续时间设置1 h和2 h 2个梯度,以自然条件下的大田盆栽油菜为对照(CK),测定油菜叶绿素含量、光合参数及产量等指标。结果表明,低温冻害会抑制油菜叶绿素的累积,且随温度降低和时间延长,胁迫程度加剧;不同低温冻害处理导致叶片净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率不同程度下降,且胁迫程度随温度降低及时间延长加剧,其中叶片净光合速率对低温较为敏感,在 -4 ℃、2 h处理下即比CK显著下降,蒸腾速率和气孔导度则在≤-5 ℃时比CK显著下降,胞间CO2浓度呈先降后升趋势;低温冻害导致油菜籽产量显著下降23.38%~86.67%(P<0.01),其中胁迫时间1 h、胁迫温度≤-6 ℃和胁迫时间2 h、胁迫温度≤-5 ℃时的产量比CK均下降50%以上,减产明显。

关键词: 油菜(Brassica napus L.), 低温冻害, 生理指标, 光合特性, 产量

Abstract: To clarify the effects of low-temperature stress on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of rapeseed(Brassica napus L.), a temperature-controlled freezing experiment was carried out using Qingza 15 at Guide Agrometeorological Experimental Station of Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province from April to September 2025. Six temperature gradients of -4 ℃, -5 ℃, -6 ℃, -7 ℃, -8 ℃ and -10 ℃ were set, with two duration treatments of 1 h and 2 h. Potted rapeseed grown under natural field conditions was taken as the control (CK). Chlorophyll content, photosynthetic parameters and yield indices were determined. The results showed that freezing injury inhibited chlorophyll accumulation in rapeseed, and the stress intensified with decreasing temperature and prolonged duration. Freezing treatments reduced net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of leaves to varying degrees, and the stress aggravated as temperature declined and treatment time extended. Net photosynthetic rate was relatively sensitive, which decreased significantly under the treatment of -4 ℃ for 2 h compared with CK. Transpiration rate and stomatal conductance declined significantly relative to CK when temperature was lower than or equal to -5 ℃, while intercellular CO2 concentration decreased firstly and then increased. Freezing injury significantly reduced rapeseed grain yield by 23.38%-86.67% (P<0.01). Yield was reduced by more than 50% compared with CK under treatments of temperatures ≤-6 ℃ for 1 h and temperatures ≤-5 ℃ for 2 h, representing severe yield losses.

Key words: rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), low-temperature freezing injury, physiological indices, photosynthetic characteristics, yield

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