秸秆与不同形态氮肥添加对水稻土氮素释放能力的影响

doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.09.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 采用室内恒温培养,设置2组试验,5种氮肥处理,分别为F1（硝酸钾）、F2（氯化铵）、F3（尿素）、F4（硝酸钾∶氯化铵∶尿素=1∶1∶2）、F0（不添加氮肥）。第一组为秸秆腐解试验,探究氮素对秸秆腐解率及秸秆氮释放率的影响;第二组试验共设5个外源氮肥主处理,以及添加秸秆（SC）和不添加秸秆（CK）2个副处理,探究土壤中的易氧化有机碳（ROC）、铵态氮(NH₄⁺-N)和硝态氮(NO₃^--N)含量的变化。结果表明,氮肥添加对秸秆腐解无显著影响,但可提高秸秆氮释放率;氮肥添加对ROC含量无明显影响,秸秆添加提高了ROC含量且培养过程中ROC更稳定;氮肥添加对土壤NH₄⁺-N含量无明显影响,秸秆添加降低了土壤NH₄⁺-N含量;添加硝酸钾和不添加氮肥的土壤NO₃^--N含量较低,添加尿素、氯化铵及秸秆配施氮肥均提高了土壤NO₃^--N含量。总体来看,通过合理组合氮肥与秸秆管理措施,更有利于土壤氮素的富集。

关键词: 氮肥, 氮素释放能力, 秸秆腐解, 秸秆还田, 水稻土

Abstract: Using indoor constant temperature culture, two groups of experiments with five nitrogen fertilizer treatments of F1 (potassium nitrate), F2 (ammonium chloride), F3 (urea), F4 (potassium nitrate ∶ ammonium chloride ∶ urea = 1∶1∶2), and F0 (no nitrogen fertilizer) were set up. The first group was straw decomposition test to explore the effect of nitrogen on straw decomposition rate and straw nitrogen release rate. In the second group of experiments, five main treatments of exogenous nitrogen fertilizer were set up, as well as two sub-treatments of adding straw (SC) and not adding straw (CK), to explore the changes of readily oxidizable organic carbon (ROC), ammonium nitrogen (NH₄⁺ -N) and nitrate nitrogen (NO₃^--N) in soil. The results showed that the addition of nitrogen fertilizer had no significant effect on straw decomposition, but could increase the nitrogen release rate of straw. The addition of nitrogen fertilizer had no significant effect on ROC content, and the addition of straw increased ROC content and made ROC more stable during the culture process. The addition of nitrogen fertilizer had no significant effect on soil NH₄⁺-N content, and straw addition reduced soil NH₄⁺-N content. The addition of potassium nitrate and no nitrogen fertilizer reduced the soil NO₃^--N content, and the addition of urea, ammonium chloride and straw combined with nitrogen fertilizer increased the soil NO₃^--N content. Overall, through the reasonable combination of nitrogen fertilizer and straw management measures, it was more conducive to the enrichment of soil nitrogen.

Key words: nitrogen fertilizer, nitrogen release capacity, straw decomposition, straw return to the field, rice paddy soil

中图分类号:

严如玉, 高旭园, 甘国渝, 李继福. 秸秆与不同形态氮肥添加对水稻土氮素释放能力的影响[J]. 湖北农业科学, 2025, 64(9): 21-26.

YAN Ru-yu, GAO Xu-yuan, GAN Guo-yu, LI Ji-fu. Effects of straw and different forms of nitrogen fertilizer addition on nitrogen release capacity of paddy soil[J]. HUBEI AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, 2025, 64(9): 21-26.

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