蚯蚓粪基质在育苗中的物质特性、作用机制及应用前景

doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2026.04.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为系统梳理蚯蚓粪在育苗基质领域的研究现状并评估其替代泥炭的可行性,从理化性质、微生物特征、复配体系、作物响应及作用机制等方面进行综合评述。研究表明,蚯蚓粪容重适宜、孔隙结构优良,富含有机质、矿质养分及有益微生物,适量掺配可改善基质通气性与保水性,促进种子萌发与根系发育。其促生机制主要归因于土壤微生物多样性的提升、酶活性的增强及生长调节剂平衡的优化。在作用机制层面,蚯蚓粪不仅优化根际理化环境,还能通过调控根际微生态、诱导系统抗性和激活抗氧化防御系统,增强作物对生物与非生物胁迫的耐受能力。然而,原料来源差异大、质量标准缺失、盐分累积风险及病原菌污染风险等问题仍制约其产业化应用。未来研究应聚焦原料分级标准化、质量安全控制和作物适配配方模型构建,并深入解析“蚯蚓粪-根际-作物”多尺度互作机制,从而构建绿色循环型育苗基质体系,推动农业碳减排与资源循环利用。

关键词: 蚯蚓粪, 基质, 物质特性, 作用机制, 应用前景, 配方优化, 研究进展

Abstract: To systematically review the research status of vermicompost in the field of seedling substrate and evaluate its feasibility as a substitute for peat, a comprehensive review was conducted from the aspects of physicochemical properties, microbial characteristics, compounding systems, crop responses, and action mechanisms. The study showed that vermicompost had suitable bulk density, excellent pore structure, and was rich in organic matter, mineral nutrients, and beneficial microorganisms. Appropriate incorporation could improve substrate aeration and water retention, and promote seed germination and root development. Its growth-promoting mechanism was mainly attributed to the increase in soil microbial diversity, enhancement of enzyme activities, and improvement of the balance of growth regulators. At the level of action mechanisms, vermicompost not only optimized the rhizosphere physicochemical environment but also enhanced crop tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses by regulating the rhizosphere microecology, inducing systemic resistance, and activating the antioxidant defense system. However, problems such as large differences in raw material sources, lack of quality standards, risk of salt accumulation, and pathogen contamination still restricted its industrial application. Future research should focus on the standardization of raw material grading, quality and safety control, and the construction of crop-specific formulation optimization models, and deeply analyze the multi-scale interaction mechanism of “vermicompost-rhizosphere-crop”, so as to construct a green and circular seedling substrate system and promote agricultural carbon emission reduction and resource recycling.

Key words: vermicompost, substrate, material characteristics, mechanism, application prospect, formulation optimization, research progress

中图分类号:

S141

李文静, 吴奕琪, 陈润泽, 刘欣宇. 蚯蚓粪基质在育苗中的物质特性、作用机制及应用前景[J]. 湖北农业科学, 2026, 65(4): 48-54.

LI Wen-jing, WU Yi-qi, CHEN Run-ze, LIU Xin-yu. Material characteristics, action mechanisms, and application prospects of vermicompost as a seedling substrate[J]. HUBEI AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, 2026, 65(4): 48-54.

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