小麦抗倒伏遗传位点与基因研究进展

doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2026.01.030

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）倒伏是限制其高产稳产的主要因素,严重影响子粒产量、品质及机械化收获效率。随着分子标记技术的发展,研究人员已在小麦全基因组范围内系统鉴定了多个与抗倒伏相关的数量性状位点（QTL）,共定位了753个抗性位点,广泛分布于21条染色体上。2B、4B和4D等染色体上QTL分布尤为密集,形成了抗倒伏遗传调控的热点区域。矮秆基因Rht-B1和Rht-D1被证实是调控株高和增强抗倒性的关键基因。全基因组关联分析（GWAS）和基因编辑等技术的应用进一步推动了抗倒伏相关基因（TaD11-2A、TaARF12、TaPRR1、TaDEP1等）的挖掘与功能验证。尽管已取得显著进展,但多数QTL仍处于粗定位阶段,主效QTL的验证及其在育种中的应用仍面临挑战。未来需推进QTL的精细定位、关键基因的克隆与功能解析,并构建分子标记辅助选择与多基因聚合育种策略,以支撑小麦抗倒伏性状的遗传改良及新品种选育。

关键词: 小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）, 抗倒伏, 遗传位点, 分子标记, 基因, 研究进展

Abstract: Wheat lodging was a major factor limiting its high and stable yield, which severely affected grain yield, quality, and mechanized harvesting efficiency. With the development of molecular marker technology, researchers had systematically identified multiple quantitative trait loci (QTL) related to lodging resistance across the whole wheat genome, and co-localized 753 resistance loci, which were widely distributed on 21 chromosomes. The distribution of QTL on chromosomes 2B, 4B, and 4D was particularly dense, forming hotspots for the genetic regulation of lodging resistance. The dwarfing genes Rht-B1 and Rht-D1 were confirmed to be key genes regulating plant height and enhancing lodging resistance. The application of techniques such as genome-wide association study (GWAS) and gene editing had further promoted the mining and functional verification of genes related to lodging resistance (e.g., TaD11-2A, TaARF12, TaPRR1, and TaDEP1). Despite significant progress, most QTL were still in the stage of rough mapping, and the validation of major QTL and their application in breeding still faced challenges. In the future, it is necessary to advance the fine mapping of QTL, the cloning and functional analysis of key genes, and to develop molecular marker-assisted selection and multi-gene pyramiding breeding strategies to support the genetic improvement of the lodging resistance trait in wheat and the breeding of new cultivars.

Key words: wheat, lodging resistance, genetic locus, molecular marker, gene, research progress

中图分类号:

S512.1

罗政辉, 王伟伟, 张玉杰, 王志, 邹景伟, 赵振杰, 魏晨曦, 于亮, 王奉芝, 钮力亚. 小麦抗倒伏遗传位点与基因研究进展[J]. 湖北农业科学, 2026, 65(1): 186-210.

LUO Zheng-hui, WANG Wei-wei, ZHANG Yu-jie, WANG Zhi, ZOU Jing-wei, ZHAO Zhen-jie, WEI Chen-xi, YU Liang, WANG Feng-zhi, NIU Li-ya. Advances in research on genetic loci and genes related to lodging resistance in wheat[J]. HUBEI AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, 2026, 65(1): 186-210.

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