湖北农业科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 65 ›› Issue (4): 171-178.doi: 10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2026.04.026

• 药用植物 • 上一篇    下一篇

气候变化背景下道地蕲艾头茬单产对气象因子的响应与预测

李国华1,2, 朱倩男2,3, 付宇2,3, 张翼1,2, 童星元1,2, 田琳2,3, 陈正洪4   

  1. 1.黄冈市气象局,湖北 黄冈 438000;
    2.湖北省中药材气象服务中心, 湖北 黄冈 438000;
    3.蕲春县气象局, 湖北 黄冈 435300;
    4.湖北省气象服务中心, 武汉 430074
  • 收稿日期:2026-01-14 出版日期:2026-04-25 发布日期:2026-05-06
  • 通讯作者: 付 宇(1988-),男,高级工程师,主要从事综合气象观测与特色气象服务研究,(电子信箱)447638435@qq.com。
  • 作者简介:李国华(1968-),女,湖北黄梅人,高级工程师,主要从事综合气象观测与气象探测技术服务应用研究,(电子信箱)Hjycligh@163.com。
  • 基金资助:
    武汉城市圈气象联合科技创新基金项目重点项目(WHCSQZ202305)

Response and prediction of first-harvest yield in geo-authentic Qiai (Artemisia argyi) to meteorological factors under climate change

LI Guo-hua1,2, ZHU Qian-nan2,3, FU Yu2,3, ZHANG Yi1,2, TONG Xing-yuan1,2, TIAN Lin2,3, CHEN Zheng-hong4   

  1. 1. Huanggang Meteorological Bureau, Huanggang 438000, Hubei,China;
    2. Hubei Meteorological Service Center for Chinese Medicinal Materials, Huanggang 438000, Hubei,China;
    3. Qichun County Meteorological Bureau,Huanggang 435300, Hubei,China;
    4. Hubei Provincial Meteorological Service Center,Wuhan 430074,China
  • Received:2026-01-14 Published:2026-04-25 Online:2026-05-06

摘要: 为明确气象因子对道地蕲艾(Artemisia argyi)头茬产量的影响机制,基于蕲春国家基本气象站1995—2025年逐日气象观测资料,在分析各气象指标年际变化趋势基础上,通过2018—2025全县头茬艾产量与关键生长期(1—5月)多气象要素的关联分析,确定主要气象因子。选取LightGBM、多元线性回归、岭回归、Lasso回归、随机森林回归、SVR、XGBoost 7种机器学习或回归算法构建产量预测模型。结果表明,1995—2025年,蕲艾头茬生长期平均气温、≥0 ℃有效积温和≥10 ℃有效积温均显著上升,气候倾向率分别为0.40 ℃/10年、46.73 ℃·d/10年和33.40 ℃·d/10年;气温日较差呈弱上升趋势,气候倾向率为0.11 ℃/10年;降水日数无显著变化趋势,主要表现为年际波动特征。日照时数呈显著下降趋势,气候倾向率为-43.66 h/10年;平均相对湿度呈微弱下降趋势,气候倾向率为-0.09%/10年;无霜日数平均为137.4 d,气候倾向率为0.767 5 d/10年。通过对7种模型拟合进行综合评估,LightGBM模型为最优,验证集R2达0.999 9,相对误差仅为0.48%,明显优于其他模型。依据相关分析热力图,结合LightGBM特征重要性分析得出,热量条件(≥10 ℃有效积温)是影响蕲艾头茬艾产量的最关键因子,贡献度为22.5%。

关键词: 气候背景, 道地蕲艾(Artemisia argyi), 头茬艾, 单产, 气象因子, 响应, 预测

Abstract: To clarify the impact mechanism of meteorological factors on the yield of the first harvest of geo-authentic Qiai (Artemisia argyi), daily meteorological observation data from the Qichun National Basic Weather Station from 1995 to 2025 were analyzed. After examining the interannual variation trends of various meteorological indicators, the main meteorological factors were identified through correlation analysis between the county-wide first-harvest yield from 2018 to 2025 and multiple meteorological elements during the key growth period (January to May). Seven machine learning or regression algorithms, including LightGBM, Multiple Linear Regression, Ridge Regression, Lasso Regression, Random Forest Regression, SVR, and XGBoost, were selected to construct yield prediction models. The results showed that from 1995 to 2025, the average temperature, active accumulated temperature ≥0 ℃, and active accumulated temperature ≥10 ℃ during the first-harvest growing season of Qiai all increased significantly, with climatic tendency rates of 0.40 ℃/10 years, 46.73 ℃·d/10 years, and 33.40 ℃·d/10 years, respectively. The diurnal temperature range showed a weak increasing trend (climatic tendency rate of 0.11 ℃/10 years). The number of precipitation days showed no significant trend, mainly characterized by interannual fluctuations. Sunshine hours showed a significant decreasing trend, with a climatic tendency rate of -43.66 h/10 years. Average relative humidity showed a slight decreasing trend, with a climatic tendency rate of -0.09%/10 years. The average number of frost-free days was 137.4 days, with a climatic tendency rate of 0.767 5 d/10 years. Through a comprehensive evaluation of the fitting of the seven models, the LightGBM model was identified as the best, with a validation set R2 of 0.999 9 and a relative error of only 0.48%, significantly outperforming all other models. Based on the correlation analysis heatmap and combined with the feature importance analysis from LightGBM, it was determined that thermal conditions (active accumulated temperature ≥10 ℃) were the most critical factor affecting the yield of the first harvest of Qiai, with a contribution of 22.5%.

Key words: climatic background, geo-authentic Qiai (Artemisia argyi), first-harvest Qiai, yield per unit area, meteorological factors, response, prediction

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