湖北农业科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 65 ›› Issue (6): 14-19.doi: 10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2026.06.003

• 育种·栽培 • 上一篇    下一篇

高产杂交棉冈0996和冈杂棉10号F1的杂种优势及相关性分析

闫振华1, 罗真2, 戴宝生1, 赵树琪1, 何涛3, 张华崇1, 黄晓莉1, 张欣1, 李蔚1   

  1. 1.黄冈市农业科学院,湖北 黄冈 438000;
    2.湖北省农业技术推广总站,武汉 430071;
    3.团风县农业技术促进中心,湖北 黄冈 438800
  • 收稿日期:2026-02-21 出版日期:2026-06-25 发布日期:2026-06-26
  • 通讯作者: 罗真(1985-),男,高级农艺师,博士,主要从事农业技术推广工作,(电子信箱)394901950@qq.com。
  • 作者简介:闫振华(1988-),男,山东阳信人,高级农艺师,硕士,主要从事棉花和小麦育种及栽培研究,(电子信箱)hgyzh@qq.com。
  • 基金资助:
    湖北省现代农业产业技术体系——棉花产业技术体系项目(2025HBSTX4-11); 黄冈市青年拔尖人才培养项目; 湖北省农业科技创新中心资助项目(2021-620-000-001-06)

Heterosis and correlation analysis of high-yield hybrid cotton varieties Gang 0996 and Gangzamian 10 F1

YAN Zhen-hua1, LUO Zhen2, DAI Bao-sheng1, ZHAO Shu-qi1, HE Tao3, ZHANG Hua-chong1, HUANG Xiao-li1, ZHANG Xin1, LI Wei1   

  1. 1. Huanggang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Huanggang 438000, Hubei, China;
    2. Hubei General Station of Agricultural Technology Extension, Wuhan 430071, China;
    3. Tuanfeng County Agricultural Technology Promotion Center, Huanggang 438800, Hubei, China
  • Received:2026-02-21 Published:2026-06-25 Online:2026-06-26

摘要: 为解析高产杂交棉冈0996和冈杂棉10号的杂种优势形成机制,以这2个品种及其双亲为材料开展试验,通过比较分析其与双亲在产量性状、农艺性状、纤维品质及棉铃对位叶相关性状等方面的表现差异,系统评估其杂种优势;并结合相关性分析,探讨影响杂交棉高产的主要形态因素。结果表明,冈杂棉10号总对位叶面积、成铃对位叶面积及平均棉铃叶面积杂种优势率分别达12.14%、9.74%、9.42%,且总对位叶面积超亲优势率为3.19%;整个棉铃发育阶段,2个杂交种棉铃对位叶叶绿素相对含量(SPAD值)持续维持较高水平;在产量方面,冈0996和冈杂棉10号子棉产量杂种优势率分别为19.50%和19.99%,超亲优势率均超17%,皮棉产量杂种优势率分别为19.52%和24.76%;在纤维品质上,冈杂棉10号断裂比强度杂种优势率为9.00%,超亲优势率为6.60%。变异系数分析显示,2个杂交种在总对位叶面积、皮棉产量、子棉产量等性状上变异较大;相关性分析表明,子棉产量与单铃重、纤维整齐度指数均呈显著正相关,与生育期呈极显著负相关。研究揭示,2个高产杂交棉通过优化叶面积、光合性能、产量构成因子及纤维品质的协同优势实现高产优质。

关键词: 高产杂交棉, 冈0996, 冈杂棉10号, 杂种优势, 农艺性状, 产量性状, 纤维品质, 相关性分析

Abstract: To elucidate the heterosis mechanism of high-yield hybrid cotton varieties Gang 0996 and Gangzamian 10, experiments were conducted using these two hybrids and their parental lines. By comparing their differences in yield traits, agronomic traits, fiber quality, and related traits of subtending leaves of cotton bolls with their parents, the heterosis was systematically evaluated. Combined with correlation analysis, the main morphological factors affecting high yield in hybrid cotton were explored. The results showed that the heterosis rates of total subtending leaf area, subtending leaf area of opened bolls, and average boll leaf area of Gangzamian 10 reached 12.14%, 9.74%, and 9.42%, respectively, with an over-parent heterosis rate of 3.19% for total subtending leaf area. During the whole cotton boll development stage, the relative chlorophyll content (SPAD value) in subtending leaves of cotton bolls of the two hybrids remained at a high level continuously. In terms of yield, the heterosis rates of seed cotton yield for Gang 0996 and Gangzamian 10 were 19.50% and 19.99%, respectively, with over-parent heterosis rates both exceeding 17%, and the heterosis rates of lint yield were 19.52% and 24.76%, respectively. For fiber quality, the heterosis rate of breaking strength of Gangzamian 10 was 9.00%, with an over-parent heterosis rate of 6.60%. Coefficient of variation analysis indicated that the two hybrids exhibited relatively large variations in traits such as total subtending leaf area, lint yield, and seed cotton yield. Correlation analysis demonstrated that seed cotton yield was significantly positively correlated with single boll weight and fiber uniformity index, and extremely significantly negatively correlated with growth period. This study revealed that the two high-yield hybrid cotton varieties achieved high yield and superior quality through the synergistic advantages of optimized leaf area, photosynthetic performance, yield components, and fiber quality.

Key words: high-yield hybrid cotton, Gang 0996, Gangzamian 10, heterosis, agronomic traits, yield traits, fiber quality, correlation analysis

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