宏基因组分析通风对雪茄烟叶发酵产香的影响

doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2026.10.027

湖北农业科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 65 ›› Issue (10): 188-195.doi: 10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2026.10.027

宏基因组分析通风对雪茄烟叶发酵产香的影响

陈丰田¹, 余君^2,3, 郭腾飞¹, 王志¹, 杨锦鹏^2,3, 陈雄¹

1.湖北工业大学生命科学与健康工程学院/发酵工程教育部重点实验室,武汉 430068;
2.湖北省烟草科学研究院,武汉 430030;
3.特种经济作物种质创新与品质调控湖北省重点实验室,武汉 430030

收稿日期:2026-06-22 出版日期:2026-10-25 发布日期:2026-10-23
作者简介:陈丰田（2000-）,男,江西宜春人,在读硕士研究生,研究方向为发酵工程,（电话）15272010258（电子信箱）2330433879@qq.com;杨锦鹏（1979-）,男,研究员,硕士,主要从事雪茄栽培及营养机理研究,（电话）15827627453（电子信箱）yjp2022@126.com 通信作者：陈雄（1969-）,男,湖北武汉人,二级教授,博士,主要从事微生物工程研究,（电话）13308639592（电子信箱）cx163_qx@163.com。
基金资助:
中国烟草总公司重大专项[110202201035（XJ-06）; 110202401020 （XJ-02）]

Effects of ventilation on aroma production in cigar tobacco fermentation by metagenomic analysis

CHEN Feng-tian¹, YU Jun^2,3, GUO Teng-fei¹, WANG Zhi¹, YANG Jin-peng^2,3, CHEN Xiong¹

1. School of Life and Health Sciences /Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering（Ministry of Education）, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China;
2. Hubei Research Institute of Tobacco Sciences, Wuhan 430030, China;
3. Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Quality Regulation for Special Economic Crops, Wuhan 430030, China

Received:2026-06-22 Published:2026-10-25 Online:2026-10-23

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为阐明通风对雪茄烟叶发酵产香过程的调控作用及其微生物代谢机制,采用120 kg/箱中试发酵体系设置通风与自然发酵处理,结合宏基因组与GC-MS技术,对发酵过程中菌群演替、代谢通路及香气物质合成进行了分析。结果表明,雪茄烟叶中试水平通风发酵（通风量20 mL/min,每天隔4 h通风30 min,共2 h）显著提升了香气产量,其中苯丙氨酸转化产物、类胡萝卜素降解产物、美拉德反应产物、西柏烷类降解产物和香气总量较对照分别提高了52.26%、68.88%、177.13%、84.77%和136.99%。宏基因组学分析发现通风调控了菌群演替并促进了代谢多样性,实现了优势菌属由不动杆菌属、曲霉属、葡萄球菌属向葡萄球菌属、曲霉属的演替,且曲霉属丰度较对照组提高了35.2倍;葡萄球菌属是磷酸戊糖途径、肌醇磷酸途径及三羧酸循环等代谢的主要贡献者,而曲霉属在氧化磷酸化、苯丙氨酸代谢和萜类骨架生物合成的代谢通路中贡献度最高,分别为32.08%、35.90%和24.17%。研究结果为雪茄烟叶发酵提供了技术支撑。

关键词: 雪茄烟叶, 发酵, 通风, 香气产量, 代谢通路, 宏基因组学分析

Abstract: To elucidate the regulatory role of ventilation in the fermentation and aroma production process of cigar tobacco leaves and its underlying microbial metabolic mechanisms, a pilot-scale fermentation system (120 kg per batch) was employed to establish ventilation versus natural fermentation treatments. Combining metagenomic analysis with GC-MS techniques, the microbial community succession, metabolic pathways, and the synthesis of aromatic compounds during fermentation were analyzed. The results showed that pilot-scale ventilation fermentation of cigar leaves (with a ventilation rate of 20 mL/min, 30-minute sessions every 4 hours, 2 hours per day) significantly enhanced aroma production. Compared to the control, phenylalanine conversion products, carotenoid degradation products, Maillard reaction products, cembranoid degradation products, and the total aroma content were increased by 52.26%, 68.88%, 177.13%, 84.77%, and 136.99%, respectively. Metagenomic analysis revealed that ventilation regulated microbial succession and promoted metabolic diversity, driving a shift in the dominant genera from Acinetobacter, Aspergillus, and Staphylococcus to Staphylococcus and Aspergillus, with Aspergillus abundance increasing by 35.2 times compared to the control group. Staphylococcus was the primary contributor to metabolic pathways such as the pentose phosphate pathway, inositol phosphate metabolism, and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Whereas Aspergillus showed the highest contribution to the metabolic pathways of oxidative phosphorylation (32.08%), phenylalanine metabolism (35.90%), and terpenoid backbone biosynthesis (24.17%). The results provided technical support for cigar tobacco fermentation.

Key words: cigar tobacco leaves, fermentation, ventilation, aroma production, metabolic pathway, metagenomic analysis

中图分类号:

TS453

陈丰田, 余君, 郭腾飞, 王志, 杨锦鹏, 陈雄. 宏基因组分析通风对雪茄烟叶发酵产香的影响[J]. 湖北农业科学, 2026, 65(10): 188-195.

CHEN Feng-tian, YU Jun, GUO Teng-fei, WANG Zhi, YANG Jin-peng, CHEN Xiong. Effects of ventilation on aroma production in cigar tobacco fermentation by metagenomic analysis[J]. HUBEI AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, 2026, 65(10): 188-195.

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宏基因组分析通风对雪茄烟叶发酵产香的影响

Effects of ventilation on aroma production in cigar tobacco fermentation by metagenomic analysis

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