湖北农业科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 65 ›› Issue (7): 114-122.doi: 10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2026.07.018

• 园艺·特产 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同发酵介质对云产雪茄烟叶品质的影响

赵志梁1, 杨万龙1, 施曼1, 胡永金2, 李博2, 胡建玉1, 贺晓辉1   

  1. 1.云南香料烟有限责任公司,云南 保山 678000;
    2.云南农业大学食品科学技术学院,昆明 650201
  • 收稿日期:2026-03-23 出版日期:2026-07-25 发布日期:2026-07-23
  • 通讯作者: 贺晓辉(1981-),男,河南三门峡人,高级农艺师,硕士,主要从事雪茄烟发酵加工技术研究,(电话)13577566126(电子信箱)75350507@qq.com。
  • 作者简介:赵志梁(1993-),男,云南保山人,助理农艺师,硕士,主要从事雪茄烟相关研究,(电话)15687613061(电子信箱)2447726010@qq.com。
  • 基金资助:
    中国烟草总公司云南省公司科技计划项目(2024530000241015); 云南香料烟有限责任公司科技项目(xlyybxm2023001)

Effects of different fermentation media on the quality of Yunnan-produced cigar tobacco leaves

ZHAO Zhi-liang1, YANG Wan-long1, SHI Man1, HU Yong-jin2, LI Bo2, Hu Jian-yu1, HE Xiao-hui1   

  1. 1. Yunnan Oriental Tobacco Co., Ltd., Baoshan 678000, Yunnan, China;
    2. College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
  • Received:2026-03-23 Published:2026-07-25 Online:2026-07-23

摘要: 为探究不同发酵介质对云产雪茄烟叶品质的影响,选取甲酸类螯合物、乙酸类螯合物、柠檬酸类螯合物、乳酸类螯合物、酸盐类螯合物、糖类螯合物及酒醅上清液共7种物质作为基础发酵介质,通过不同方式的混合复配,形成多种发酵介质,对云雪39号茄芯中部烟叶进行发酵处理。发酵完成后,对烟叶的常规化学成分及挥发性物质进行检测分析。结果表明,不同发酵介质对雪茄烟叶品质的影响存在差异,B3(乙酸类螯合物+糖类螯合物)发酵介质可大幅降低烟草特有亚硝胺(TSNAs)含量;A2(甲酸类螯合物+酸盐类螯合物)发酵介质有助于提升质体色素含量,增幅为28.26%;D4(乳酸类螯合物+酸盐类螯合物+糖类螯合物+酒醅上清液)发酵处理的雪茄烟叶挥发性致香成分总量最高,其中关键成分新植二烯含量由615.12 μg/g增加至1 236.24 μg/g。研究为优化雪茄烟叶发酵工艺及开发新型发酵介质提供了理论依据。

关键词: 雪茄烟叶, 发酵介质, 化学成分, 致香成分

Abstract: To investigate the influence of different fermentation media on the quality characteristics of Yunnan-produced cigar tobacco leaves, seven fermentation substrates, including formic acid chelates, acetic acid chelates, citric acid chelates, lactic acid chelates, acid salt chelates, sugar chelates, and distiller's lees supernatant, were selected as base media. Various combinations of these substrates were formulated to prepare compound fermentation media for the fermentation of the middle leaves of Yunxue No. 39 cigar filler tobacco. After fermentation, the conventional chemical constituents and volatile aroma compounds of the tobacco leaves were systematically analyzed. The results demonstrated that different fermentation media exerted distinct effects on the chemical composition and aroma quality of cigar tobacco leaves. Among the tested treatments, the B3 fermentation medium (acetic acid chelates combined with sugar chelates) markedly reduced the content of tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs). A2 fermentation medium (formic acid chelates combined with acid salt chelates) significantly increased chloroplast pigment content by 28.26%. Furthermore, D4 fermentation medium, consisting of lactic acid chelates, acid salt chelates, sugar chelates, and distiller's lees supernatant, produced the highest total volatile aroma content in the fermented cigar tobacco leaves, with the concentration of the characteristic aroma compound neophytadiene increasing from 615.12 μg/g to 1 236.24 μg/g. This study provided theoretical guidance and experimental evidence for improving cigar tobacco fermentation technology and developing novel fermentation media.

Key words: cigar tobacco, fermentation medium, chemical composition, volatile aroma compounds

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