湖北农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 63 ›› Issue (2): 79-83.doi: 10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.02.014

• 生产环境与资源 • 上一篇    下一篇

菜子饼肥等氮替代化肥雪茄烟叶产质量及土壤有效养分含量变化

李富强1, 廖成1, 陈红华1, 乔保明1, 向泽第1, 王雪松1, 徐祥玉2, 谭军1   

  1. 1.湖北省烟草公司恩施州公司,湖北 恩施 445000;
    2.湖北省农业科学院植保土肥研究所,武汉 430064
  • 收稿日期:2023-03-20 出版日期:2024-02-25 发布日期:2024-03-14
  • 通讯作者: 谭军,高级农艺师, 主要从事于烟草栽培与土壤保育工作,(电子信箱)1139560054@qq.com。
  • 作者简介:李富强(1978-),男,河南正阳人,农艺师,硕士,主要从事烟草栽培和烟叶调制技术推广工作,(电话)13872706750(电子信箱)544371826@qq.com。
  • 基金资助:
    湖北省烟草公司项目(027Y2021-028); 湖北省烟草公司恩施州公司科技项目(恩州烟叶[2020]36号)

Changes of yield and quality of cigar tobacco leaves and soil available nutrients content by replacing chemical fertilizer with rapeseed cake fertilizer at equal amount of nitrogen

LI Fu-qiang1, LIAO Cheng1, CHEN Hong-hua1, QIAO Bao-ming1, XIANG Zhe-di1, WANG Xue-song1, XU Xiang-yu2, TAN Jun1   

  1. 1. Enshi Branch of Hubei Provincial Tobacco Company, Enshi 445000, Hubei, China;
    2. Institute of Plant Protection, Soil and Fertilizer, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
  • Received:2023-03-20 Online:2024-02-25 Published:2024-03-14

摘要: 为了探索施用不同比例的有机肥氮对雪茄烟叶生长及产质量的影响,采用大田试验方式,以雪茄烟叶品种CX80为材料、菜子饼肥为有机肥氮源,按有机肥氮、化肥氮不同配施比例设置4个处理,分别为CK(0∶100%)、T1(10%∶90%)、T2(20%∶80%)、T3(30%∶70%),研究各处理对植烟土壤pH和养分含量、雪茄烟叶生长和品质的影响。结果表明,随有机肥氮替代比例的增加,呈现出土壤速效钾、碱解氮、有效硼含量逐步下降,有效钼持续增加,pH、有机质含量、交换性钙含量、交换性镁含量、阳离子交换量先上升后下降;与CK相比,T2株高、叶数分别增加12.02%和3.09%,T3中部最大叶面积增加7.69%,T2、T3烟叶产量显著增加(P<0.05),烟叶均价分别提高7.64%、7.57%;随有机肥氮替代化肥氮比例的增加,晾制后烟叶烟碱、总糖、总氮含量呈先增加后减少趋势,糖碱比和钾氯比上升;感官评吸呈波动增加趋势,其中T3最高,其次是T1、T2。

关键词: 菜子饼肥, 等氮替代, 雪茄烟叶, 植烟土壤, 烟叶品质

Abstract: In order to explore the effects of application of different proportions of organic fertilizer nitrogen on the growth and quality of cigar tobacco leaves, a field experiment was conducted, with cigar tobacco variety CX80 as the material and rapeseed cake fertilizer as the source of organic fertilizer nitrogen, and four treatments were set according to different proportions of organic fertilizer nitrogen and chemical fertilizer nitrogen, including CK (0∶10%), T1 (10%∶90%), T2 (20%∶80%) and T3 (30%∶70%). The effects of each treatment on pH and nutrient content of soil, and growth and quality of tobacco leaves were studied. The results showed that, with the increase of the replacement ratio of organic nitrogen, the content of soil available potassium, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and available boron gradually decreased, the available molybdenum continued to increase, and the pH value, organic matter, exchangeable calcium, exchangeable magnesium and cation exchange capacity increased first and then decreased. Compared with the control, the plant height and leaf number of T2 increased by 12.02% and 3.09%, respectively, and the maximum leaf area of T3 increased by 7.69%. The yield of treatment T2 and T3 was significantly higher than CK, and the average price of tobacco leaves was increased by 7.64% and 7.57% compared with CK. With the increase of the proportion of organic fertilizer nitrogen replacing chemical fertilizer nitrogen, the contents of nicotine, total sugar and total nitrogen in tobacco leaves after air-curing increased first and then decreased, and the ratio of sugar to alkali and the ratio of potassium to chloride increased. The sensory taste showed a fluctuating trend, and T3 was the highest, followed by T1 and T2.

Key words: rapeseed cake fertilizer, equal nitrogen replacement, cigar tobacco, tobacco planting soil, yield and quality of tobacco leaves

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