Abstract: The importance and role of food and agricultural biodiversity were discussed, the challenges faced by the world's food and agricultural biodiversity were analyzed, and the countermeasures for protecting food and agricultural biodiversity in China were described. The results show that many key components of food and agricultural biodiversity are gradually shrinking, and the lack of data often limits the planning and sequencing of effective remedial measures. Some countermeasures for the protection and sustainable use of food and agricultural biodiversity in China have been proposed.

Key words: biodiversity for food and agriculture, sustainable development, ecosystem