Abstract: In order to maintain food security, the state proposes to "stick to the red line of 1.8 billion mu of cultivated land." However, the structural shortage of cultivated land resources in China is still very serious. On the one hand, economically developed provinces need a large amount of construction land, and there are insufficient reserves of cultivated land, and it is difficult to achieve a requistion-compensationg balance of cultivated land in the region; on the other hand, provinces in the central and western regions have relatively sufficient reserve arable land resources, but they cannot exert the maximum economic benefits. The introduction of a cross-province farmland requistion and compensation policy is an important measure to deal with this structural shortage. By analyzing the policy background, functional expectations and implementation status, it is understood that the operation of the system may face challenges, such as the lack of clear legal basis, the high cost of central government supervision information, the intensification and solidification of uneven development among regions and the crisis of “resource curse”. It can be considered by supplementing laws and regulations and using contract tools for governance; stimulating local government autonomy, using information platforms; strengthening agricultural land control, orderly development of land space; and establishing comprehensive ecological compensation mechanisms to deal with it.

Key words: cross-province supplementary cultivated land, balance of requist and compensated cultivated land, cultivated land resources, national overall planning system