Abstract: Taking the current situation of the implementation of the balance system of cultivated land occupation and compensation in Urumqi City as the starting point, combined with the grounded, land supply and demand balance and sustainable development theories, the methods of interview, and questionnaire were used to identify the influencing factors of the implementation of the balance system of cultivated land occupation and compensation in Urumqi City, and judge the influencing path. The results showed that the path that had a significant impact on the implementation of cultivated land occupation and compensation balance system were review and approval→market environment→occupation and compensation balance implementation （0.75）, supervision degree→review and approval→occupation and compensation balance implementation （0.85）, supervision degree→market environment→occupation and compensation balance implementation （0.77）, supervision degree→review and approval→market environment→occupation and compensation balance implementation （0.81）. It can be seen that the degree of supervision plays an important role in the implementation of the balance of occupation and compensation system. Accordingly relevant countermeasures and suggestions are put forward accordingly.

Key words: cultivated land protection, balance of occupation and compensation, influence factor, Urumqi City