Abstract: The microstructure and powder microscopic characteristics of roots, stems and leaves of 22 kinds of Golden camellia species were observed by the conventional microscopic identification method of pharmacognosy. The results showed that the 22 kinds of Golden camellia species powder could be seen （ring, thread or pore） vessel,calcium oxalate cluster crystal, irregular and branched stone cells, and infinitive stomata; the Camellia pubipetala had more non-glandular hairs, the Camellia euphlebia contained a large number of calcium oxalate cluster crystals, and the Camellia chrysantha var. had crystal sheath fibers. The palisade tissue and sponge tissue of 22 kinds of Camellia nitidissima were obviously differentiated. Calcium oxalate cluster crystals were scattered in the palisade tissue, and the palisade tissue of Golden camellia species was arranged into 1~3 layers in the leaves. Large branched stone cells and calcium oxalate cluster crystals were scattered in the sponge tissue. There were two connected vascular bundles in the Camellia longruiensis and Camellia chrysantha var., and there was only one vascular bundle in the other Golden camellia species. The transverse section of 22 kinds of Camellia nitidissima stems was mainly divided into five parts： Cork layer, cortex, phloem, xylem and pith. According to the number of stone cells in the cortex and phloem of the transverse section of the stem, Camellia nitidissima could be divided into two categories. There were stone cell rings in the cortex and phloem of the transverse section of the stems of Camellia nitidissima, Camellia fusuien achrysantha, Camellia chrysantha, Camellia euphlebia and Camellia enchengensis. There were few or very few stone cells in the cortex and phloem of the transverse section of other Camellia nitidissima stems. The transverse section of 22 kinds of Camellia nitidissima roots was mainly divided into four parts： Cork layer, cortex, phloem and xylem. After analyzing the anatomical structure indexes of roots, it was found that the diameter of lignified vessels of Camellia chrysantha was larger, which was 3~4 times that of other Camellia nitidissima, and had differential significance.

Key words: Camellia petelotii （Merr.） Sealy, powder identification, microstructure