Abstract: To screen out Pholiota nameko hybrid strains with superior agronomic traits, six parental strains and eighteen progeny strains derived from monospore hybridization were selected as research materials. A multi-dimensional evaluation system was established to comprehensively assess mycelial vegetative growth, reproductive growth, and key agronomic traits. Specifically, the mycelial growth rate at the mother culture, stock culture, and spawn culture stages, fruiting cycle, green mold resistance, yield, and agronomic characteristics of fruiting bodies were determined. The results indicated that strains H10 and H9 displayed remarkable advantages, including rapid mycelial growth, short fruiting cycle, excellent agronomic traits, and significant heterosis. A certain correlation was observed between mycelial growth rate and cultivation performance, while the correlation with final yield was weak. The biological efficiencies of H10 and H9 were 109.7% and 107.8%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of the parental strains. The successful breeding of the new P. nameko hybrid strains H10 and H9 with excellent traits provided promising candidate varieties for the industrial development of edible fungi with high market application potential.

Key words: ​ Pholiota nameko, hybridization, breeding, agronomic traits