Abstract: The volatile components of Alpinia officinarum and Alpinia Galanga were extracted by headspace solid phase microextraction （HS-SPME）, and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS）, and the relative content of each component was calculated by the method of area normalization. The results showed that 128 peaks were detected, and 69 compounds were identified in two medicinal materials. In Alpinia officinarum, 61 peaks were detected, and 44 components were identified, which is account for 91.52% of the total volatile components. The main substances were1,2,4a,5,6,8a-Hexahydro-4, 7-dimethyl-1-（1-methylethyl）naphthalene, Eucalyptol, alpha-Terpineol, Seychellene, 1-Caryophyllene, beta-Pinene, （1r,4r）-（+）-campho, etc. 67 peaks were detected, and 41 components were identified from Alpinia Galanga, which is account for 78.29% of the total volatile components; the main substances were β-Sesquiphellandrene, Pentadecane, （E）-b-Farnesene, l-Caryophyllene. Composition and content of volatile components. The Composition and content of volatile components in Alpinia officinarum and Alpinia Galanga are very different, and they can not be mixed together.

Key words: Alpinia officinarum, Alpinia Galanga, HS-SPME, GC-MS, volatile components