HUBEI AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES

Progress of ecological control techniques for eutrophication of lakes in China

LIU Han, WANG Han-xi, SHENG Lian-xi

2020, 59(1): 5-6. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.01.001

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Eutrophication of lake water in China is serious, and ecological control has attracted widespread attention because of its no pollution and small environmental impact. Ecological control technology of the lake water rich nutrition were summarized. It is pointed out that it is difficult to control the lake ecology in northern China, and the effect of using biochar with reproducibility as substrate to repair eutrophication water body is good. In addition, the effects of complex constructed wetland and three-dimensional ecological floating bed technology on eutrophic water body are remarkable. At present, aquatic plants and substrate materials play an important role in eutrophic restoration of lakes, but the utilization rate of plant biomass is low. Especially, the matrix materials have not been used as resources after retirement. In the future, we should pay attention to improving the level of eutrophication and ecological control of lakes, realize the utilization of resources and reduce the cost of lake control.

Overview of well-being in domestic tourism

MENG Cai-juan, LIU Chao

2020, 59(1): 11-16. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.01.002

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As an important activity related to human well-being, tourism has become indispensable in people's daily life, and tourism happiness has become more and more concerned by scholars. These results were found by reviewing the relevant research results in the past 20 years. ①The domestic tourism well-being literature first appeared in 2009, and after 2013, tourism happiness was more concerned. ②There were three major areas of tourism well-being research, the well-being of residents in tourism communities, the well-being of tourists （including subjective well-being, psychological well-being）, and their influencing factors. ③In the context of tourism economy, some scholars believed that the well-being of tourists and the well-being of residents in tourist destinations were the perception of the influence of tourism in the process of participating in tourism. ④The well-being of tourists was composed of the emotions and values of the three periods before, during and after the tour, there was no clear analysis dimension for the composition of community residents' happiness.⑤There were population differences in the influence of community participation, gender, age, education, and income on tourism well-being.

Research on the application of big data in intelligent agriculture

CHEN Ying-bo

2020, 59(1): 17-21. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.01.003

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The processing flow of big data in intelligent agriculture was analyzed, the overall framework of agricultural big data was designed, the application of big data collection technology, management technology and processing technology in the field of agriculture were explored and these application were studied with specific examples. It is of great practical significance and application value to promote the transformation and upgrading of agriculture and speed up the development of intelligent agriculture.

Effect of different fertilizers on the yield and yield-related traits of sesame variety Ezhi No.6

TANG Xue-hui, TAN Shun-lin, LIU Ke-zhao, CHEN Han-jun, MU Jun

2020, 59(1): 22-24. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.01.004

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To get simple and efficient formula fertilization, sesame （Sesamum indicum Linn.） variety Ezhi No.6 was adopted to study the effect of different N, P, K fertilizers on sesame yield and yield-related traits by “3414” fertilizers application experiment. The results showed that the different levels of N, P, K have different effects on the yield of sesame, and the nitrogenous fertilizer had the highest effects. Among 14 treatments, the yield of treatment of 292.5 kg/hm² urea, 249.0 kg/hm² superphosphate and 150.0 kg/hm² muriate of potash kalium chloratum （N₃P₂K₂） was the highest, and the yield was 1 751.0 kg/hm²; The yield of treatment of 195.0 kg/hm² urea, 124.5 kg/hm² superphosphate and 150.0 kg/hm² muriate of potash kalium chloratum （N₂P₁K₂） was the second, and the yield was 1 682.0 kg/hm²; The yield of no fertilization treatment（N₀P₀K₀） was the lowest, and the yield was 1 302.0 kg/hm². The optimum ratio of N, P and K is 10∶2∶7.

Preliminary study on cultivation patterns and effect of high-starch sweet potato varieties

YE Xing-zhi, CHEN Qiao-ling, QU Yong, XU Yi, HAO Miao, ZHANG Deng-hong, WANG Zhen, CHENG Qun

2020, 59(1): 25-27. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.01.005

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In order to explore the high yield cultivation mode of high starch sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas （Linn.） Lamarck], the effects of four factors including different fertilizers, sweet potato cultivars, planting densities and mulching types on vine yield, fresh root tuber production, dry matter rate and T/R value（ratio of fresh vine yield and fresh root tuber production）were studied by an orthogonal randomized test. The results showed that combination A₃B₁C₃D₂, that is, applying compound fertilizer, choosing Shangshu 19, covering black film, planting density of 59 895/hm², had the highest production of fresh root tuber. The vine yield, dry matter rate and fresh root tuber production of compound fertilizer was the highest; The effect of sweet potato cultivar on vine and T/R value was the most remarkable; Mulching can improve dry matter content and the production of haulm and tuber; And the effect of cultivation density on dry matter content was the highest.

Comparative analysis of oilseed and vegetable dual-purpose rapeseed varieties based on yield and economic benefits

HUANG Wei, CHANG Hai-bin, LI Ning, HU Hai-zhen, YIN Hui, ZHAO Jun-li

2020, 59(1): 28-31. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.01.006

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Seven oilseed and vegetable dual-purpose rapeseed （Brassica napus L.） varieties from different sources were used as materials, and under the suitable cultivation conditions, the same experimental treatment was carried out, and the varieties were compared and analyzed based on the indexes of rapeseed stalk yield, rapeseed yield and economic benefits. The aim was to provide the basis for the promotion of high-quality rapeseed varieties of oilseed and vegetable dual-purpose. The results showed that Fenglu No.2, Youtai 929, Fenglu No.1 and Shishancaitai were suitable for the promotion and application as high-quality rapeseed varieties of oilseed and vegetable dual-purpose.

Microspore culture and double haploid seed setting analysis in three rapeseed F₁ hybrids

WAN Li-li, WANG Zhuan-rong, YANG Guang-sheng, XIN Qiang, HONG Deng-feng, SUN Yu-hong, GAO Hong-xia

2020, 59(1): 32-38. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.01.007

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To investigate the ploidy levels of microspore-derived plants and effect of colchicine and trifluralin treatment on regeneration, double haploid, and seed setting of regenerated plants in oilseed rape （Brassica napus L.）, the effects of microspore culture treatment with antimitotic agents colchicine and trifluralin on the frequency of embryo formation, embryo development, plant regeneration and diploidization rate in three F₁ hybrids of rapeseed cultivars were compared, and the ploidy levels of young plantlets were measured by flow-cytometry （FCM）. The results indicated three F₁ combinations obtained the most number of regenerated plantlets after treatment with 85 mg/L colchicine. The mean rates of DH plants from colchicine（85 mg/L） were higher than the other colchicine concentration, and maximum DH plants were derived from the trifluralin treatment（10 μmol/L）. After 4 ℃ cold treatment with embryos derived from three F₁ hybrid combination for 10 days, the number of embryos to plants conversion （EPC） was significantly increased. The fruity characters of DH population obtained by natural doubling and doubling agent of three F₁ combinations were investigated, and the results showed that the average pod length,pod number and 1 000-grain weight of double haploid plants treated from antimitotic agents was similar to the spontaneous double haploid plants.

Experimental study on purification of rural domestic sewage： A case of Cencun river,Guangzhou city

GAO Ting, ZHANG Zhen-bang, WU Qi-tang, ZHENG Jia, SHI Jia-cheng, WEI Ze-bin, WU Wei-bin

2020, 59(1): 39-43. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.01.008

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In response to the difficulties in rural sewage treatment, high investment costs in infrastructure, and complex technology, the static test of wastewater from sewage treatment in the Cencun river, Guangzhou city, was carried out to simulate the discharge time of rural household sewage, and the treatment of sewage with the planting of Pennisetum sinese Roxb and Canna generalis L. was conducted. The results showed that compared with the control treatment, the removal rates of ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen （TN） and total phosphorus （TP） of planting Pennisetum sinese Roxb and Canna generalis L. increased by 43.01,41.70 and 61.62, 60.44 percent, respectively, and the treatment of Pennisetum sinese Roxb was better than the treatment of planting Canna generalis L.. The removal rates of COD, TP, ammonia nitrogen, and TN in wastewater of Pennisetum sinese Roxb were 79.86%, 99.83%, 98.86% and 98.14%, respectively, while the Canna generalis L. was 57.51%, 98.65%, 98.18% and 96.83%, respectively.

Comparison of key technologies for rural domestic sewage treatment in Jiangxi province

CAO Teng-fei, KONG Qiong-ju, LU Jiang-hai

2020, 59(1): 44-48. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.01.009

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The choice of rural domestic sewage treatment technology and process is related to the construction, operation and maintenance costs of sewage treatment facilities. In order to implement the notice of the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on printing and distributing Three-Year Plan for Rural Residential Environment Remediation,and improve the level of rural domestic sewage treatment, begining with the current situation of rural domestic sewage treatment at home and abroad, the discharge characteristics and existing problems of rural water environmental in Jiangxi province were sorted out, a comparison on the key technologies of rural domestic sewage treatment was made, and corresponding suggestions were put forward.

A remediation plan for black and odorous river in a township in the suburbs of a city of south Jiangsu

XUE Jing-jing, WANG Mei-juan, YU Xin-ya, MAO Lin-qiang, ZHANG Wen-yi

2020, 59(1): 49-53. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.01.010

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In recent years, the urbanization of southern Jiangsu province has developed rapidly, turning the towns and towns far away from the city into unplanned “urban suburbs”. At the same time as the rapid development of towns and villages, increasing sanitary sewage, industrial wastewater and initial rainwater which makes the water worse are the causes of black and odorous rivers. This project took the black and odorous river in the suburbs of a city in southern Jiangsu as an example. After a field investigation of the river, the river was divided into five parts according to biological phase, sediment, water quality and integrating the water landscape design concept of Jiangnan villages and towns. Each part adopted different physical-bio-ecological combination processes （desilting, interception, re-oxygenation, wetlands produce running water, ecoenhancement） for design and construction. Engineering test results showed that the remediation plan can have higher removal efficiency on pollutants including ammonia nitrogen （NH₃-N）, total nitrogen（TN）, total phosphorus（TP）, chemical oxygen demand （COD）, etc. in heavy polluted rivers. NH₃-N, TN, TP, COD can maintain its concentration at 1.5 mg/L, 2.0 mg/L, 0.3 mg/L, 34.7 mg/L, removal rates were 66.52%, 79.21%, 44.44%, 42.55% when 6 months after completion of the construction. At the same time, dissolved oxygen （DO）, transparency and redox potential in the river were stable at 5 mg/L, 60 cm, 500 MV. The quality of the river has reached the requirements of Class V of the Surface Water Environmental Quality Standards. After public comments, black and odorous rivers will be eliminated to create a natural, lively and beautiful ecological landscape of the town. According to the calculation, the total investment of the project is about 1.2 million, the annual operating cost is 61 000, and the emission reductions of NH₃-N, TN, TP and COD are up to 36.09 t/a, 92.28 t/a, 2.91 t/a, 310.86 t/a,respectively.

Characteristics of soil water-aggregates in rain-fed drylands in the plain of Yili valley

CHEN Chuan-xin, ZHANG Yong-qiang, XUE Li-hua, LEI Jun-jie, CHEN Xing-wu, XIAMAIDING Abasi, LIU Yun-xiao, LIU Xin-yan, WU-Wei, KULEDANA Kadaerjiang, SAILIHAN Sai

2020, 59(1): 54-57. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.01.011

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The characteristics of soil aggregates under different yield levels in dry wheat fields in Xinjiang were analyzed by wet sieve method. The results showed that there were differences in the size of water stable aggregates in soil at different yield levels. The soil aggregates of >5 mm particle in high-yield field soil were significantly higher than those of medium-yield and low-yield fields, increased by 45.18% and 52.72%, respectively; The soil aggregates of 0.25~0.5 mm particle in high-yield fields and medium-yield fields were significantly higher than those in low-yield fields, increased by 45.70% and 51.15% respectively; The soil aggregates of <0.25 mm grain in low-yield fields increased significantly by 36.34% and 8.84% compared with high-yield fields and medium-yield fields. The content of large aggregates in the soil of >0.25 mm particle size in high yield field reached 68.30%, increased by 13.29% and 20.29% respectively over the middle and low yield fields. The mean weight diameter （MWD） and geometric mean diameter （GMD） of soil all showed that high-yield fields was the highest, medium-yield fields was second, and low-yield fields was the lowest. But the fractal dimension is opposite. The fractal dimension of soil was significantly negatively correlated with MWD, GMD and the soil aggregates of >5 mm particle, and was significantly positively correlated with <0.25 mm particle. MWD, GMD were significantly positively correlated with the soil aggregates of >5 mm particle, and significantly negatively correlated with the soil aggregates of <0.25 mm particle.

Improvement of coastal saline soil by organic material and its effect on the growth of Lonicera maackii

FNEG Tao, ZHOU Guo-hua, LU Li-bo, SU Xiao, LIU Wei, LYU Le-fu, YOU Xue-yi

2020, 59(1): 58-61. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.01.012

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To explore the effects of organic materials on the improvement of coastal saline soil, cow dung, vinegar grains, edible fungi residue and plant crushing waste were selected as materials. 14 kinds of proportions were set for saline soil treatment, and Lonicera maackii were planted for growth test, and the total salt content and pH of soil were determined regularly. The results showed that organic materials had different effects on the improvement of soil salt content and pH, in which, the vinegar residue, mushroom residue and green crushing waste mixed with a small amount of organic fertilizer, i.e. cow manure∶vinegar residue∶mushroom residue∶green crushing waste was 1∶3∶3∶3（volume rato）, which had better effect on soil improvement, and the maximum growth of Lonicera maackii could be obtained under this condition. In evaluating the effect of soil improvement, the growth index（plant height, crown width） is more representative than the physiological index （chlorophyll index and net photosynthetic rate）.

Multi-functional evaluation of county land use based on the perspective of ecological civilization：A case study of Guiping city,Guangxi

MO Su-fen, WU Zhuang-jin, HU Bao-qing

2020, 59(1): 62-66. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.01.013

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17 indexes from production, living and ecology three dimensions were selected to establish evaluation index system based on the perspective of ecological civilization. Index weight was determined by entropy evaluation method and comprehensive evaluation model was set up to evaluate land use multi-functional of Guiping city, Guangxi, from 2000 to 2017. The results showed that the overall level of multi-functional of land use was not high in Guiping city, showing a trend of first decreasing and then increasing. The level of production functional of land use was not high, showing a trend of first stationary and then gradually increasing. The level of living functional of land use was medium and upward, showing an upward trend of fluctuation. The level of ecological function of land use was relatively high, showing a trend of first decline and then rise. It is suggested to increase the input of productive land, control the scale of living land and increase the proportion of protected areas and other measures to improve the level of multi-functional of land use.

Interdecadal variability of spring sea surface temperature in and around the South China Sea and its possible impact on climate in the Indo-Pacific region

GAO Wen-juan, MENG Lei, LUO Yu

2020, 59(1): 67-73. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.01.014

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In order to study the main characteristics, formation mechanism and seasonal trends of spring climate in and around the South China Sea in the context of global warming, the main modes of spring sea temperature in and around the South China Sea in the context of the inter-generational context were analyzed, and their possible effects on spring climate in the Indian Ocean and the Pacific region during the same period were analyzed by the methods of empirical orthogonal function （EOF） decomposition, linear tendency estimation, sliding average and correlation analysis. The results show that in and around the South China Sea, the spring sea temperature anomaly presents two modes. The first mode is consistent warming in the region, and the second mode is cold in the north and warm in the south. The first modal sea temperature distribution is significantly affected by global warming. In the spring, there is an abnormal anti-cyclone circulation in the Philippine Sea area, and the western side of the subtropical high is strengthened. The consistent warming of the Indian Ocean basin in the previous winter indicate that the spring will be consistent warming in and around the South China Sea in the following spring. The second mode is obviously affected by the La Niña event in the pre-winter Pacific Ocean. The South China Sea temperature anomaly triggers a positive and negative wave distribution of the potential height field on the East Asian coast. The first （second） mode of precipitation in and around the South China Sea shows the distribution of waterlogging （drought） in the north and drought （waterlogging） in the south. The abnormal sea temperature in the South China Sea and its surrounding areas in spring will have a significant impact on the spring and summer climate in the India-Pacific coastal areas.

Regression analysis of Morus alba leaf size and its mass

JIN Fang-lun, WANG Xian-yu, HAN Shi-yu, LUO Chan-bin, YANG Sheng-te, LI Ming, HU Shi-yi

2020, 59(1): 74-77. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.01.015

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In order to explore the main factors affecting the net quality of mulberry （Morrus alba L.） leaves, from 2017 to 2018, Nongsang 14 was used as a test material, the leaf length, leaf width, petiole length, petiole width and transverse diameter, petiole thickness and transverse diameter, petiole mass, leaf mass, number of kilogram leaves, and leaf net mass were investigated in the growing season to analyze the relationship of mulberry leaf characteristics. The results show that there is a highly positive correlation between leaf length and leaf width and leaf net mass. The petiole length, petiole width and transverse diameter, and petiole thickness and transverse diameter are significantly positively related to the leaf net mass. There are extremely significant differences between the correlation coefficient of leaf length, leaf width, leaf length + leaf width, leaf length × leaf width, petiole length, petiole width and transverse diameter, petiole thickness and transverse diameter, petiole mass, leaf mass, kilo leaf quantity and leaf net mass. Comparing the correlation coefficients of the quadratic curve equation and the straight line equation formed by the blade length and the net mass of the blade, respectively, it shows that it is more in line with the quadratic curve. The order of influence of each index on the leaf net quality is leaf mass, leaf number per kilogram, leaf width, leaf length, petiole mass, petiole thickness and transverse diameter, petiole width and transverse diameter, and petiole length. Mulberry orchard yield can be estimated by investigating indicators such as leaf width and leaf length.

Study on variation of flowering stalk height and its related traits in seed seedling of Hemerocallis hybridus Stella de Oro

LUO Xin-kai, LUO Zhen-xing, WANG Li, ZHU Hong, WANG Man, YUE Long

2020, 59(1): 78-81. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.01.016

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The flowering stalk height, number of single stalk flowers, leaf length and the variation of flowering period of seed seedling in Hemerocallis hybridus Stella de Oro were studied. The results showed that the variation coefficient of number of single stalk flowers was the largest, the variation coefficient of flowering stalk height and leaf length were larger, and the coefficient of variation of flowering days was the smallest. The number of single stalk flowers and flowering stalk height of seed seedling were highly significantly more than their female parent. According to the calculation of the generalized heritability, the variation of flowering stalk height, number of single stalk flowers and leaf length were mainly controlled by genetic factors, the variation of flowering period mainly controlled by environmental factors. There was a high correlation between flowering stalk height, leaf length and the number of single stalk flowers. Cluster analysis was carried out on seed seedlings, which were divided into 4 groups, from the first group to the fourth group, the height of flower stalk changed from high to low, until there was no flower stalk. Correlation analysis was carried out in each group. In the first and second groups, there was a significant correlation between the height of flower stalk and leaf length, while the rest was negatively correlated. The correlation coefficient between flower stalk height and number of single-stalk flowers increased gradually from the first to the fourth groups, from low degree to high degree.

Analysis of using value and protection measures of wild peony resources of Subsect. Delavayanae

WANG Er-qiang, PANG Jing-jing, JI Han-le

2020, 59(1): 82-85. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.01.017

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The species and biological characteristics of wild peony resources of Subsect. Delavayanae were expounded,and the potential utilization value of medicinal, oil and breeding of wild peony of Subsect. Delavayanae were analyzed, besides,the protection countermeasures and rational utilization were also proposed. It is expected to provide reference for the effective protection and sustainable use of wild peony in the Subsect. Delavayanae.

Analysis and evaluation on dynamic change of forest resources in Hubei province： Based on data of eight continuous inventory of forest resources

HUANG Guang-ti, CHEN Qiang, LIN Cheng-jun, SHEN Li-li, YU Xiang, CHEN Zhen, HUANG Xin

2020, 59(1): 86-90. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.01.018

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On the basis of explaining the construction of the continuous inventory system of forest resources in Hubei province, based on the data of eight consecutive forest resource inventories from 1979 to 2014, the dynamic changes of forest land area, coverage, and total standing tree standing volume in Hubei province were analyzed, and the change trend of forest resources in Hubei province was analyzed and evaluated. The results show that the area of forest land in Hubei province has maintained a substantial growth trend, but the space for future growth is limited; the forest coverage rate has shown a steady upward trend, but the growth rate will slow down; the total volume of standing timber has shown a rapid growth momentum, and the growth rate will stabilize in the future.

Study on Tibetan medicinal ethnic botany in Banma area,Qinghai

ZHANG Jie, LONGZHU Duo-jie, KANG Jun-hua, LA Ben

2020, 59(1): 91-94. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.01.019

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An investigation was conducted on the Tibetan medicinal ethnobotany in the Banma region of Qinghai. The results show that there are 478 Tibetan medicinal plants belonging to 228 genera of 70 families in the Banma area. The Tibetans are unique in terms of selecting medicinal plant species, medicinal parts, harvest season, processing and drinking methods. For the protection and sustainable use of medicinal plant resources in the region, corresponding suggestions were put forward.

Comparison of biological characteristics and fruit quality of anthropogenic lines of Lycium barbarum

ZHANG Bo, LUO Qing, CAO You-long, DAI Guo-li, HUANG Ting

2020, 59(1): 95-96. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.01.020

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Taking Ningxia wolfberry （Lycium barbarum） Ningqi No. 1 anther cultured strains as research objects, its leaves, flower organs, fruit biological characteristics investigation and fruit quality were studied to obtain breeding materials with good phenotype. The results show that the use of anther culture technology can create germplasm resources with different morphological characteristics. Compared with the parent plant, the leaf length becomes shorter, the leaf width and thickness of some lines increase, the diameter of the corolla and the length of the petiole decrease, the weight of the single fruit decreases, the aspect ratio decreases, and the number of seeds decreases. The content of carotene and betaine in fresh fruit reduces. Among the 5 anthropogenic lines, the fruit weight, aspect ratio, and sugar content of the material "194" were significantly higher than those of other materials.

Effects of drought stress on potassium absorption and distribution of two flue-cured tobacco varieties

SUN Ji-ping, WU Zhao-hui, SUN Huan, LI Xue-jun, PING Wen-li, DING Yan-fang

2020, 59(1): 97-100. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.01.021

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In order to study the characteristics of potassium absorption and accumulation in different flue-cured tobacco varieties under drought stress, pot experiments were used to simulate natural drought condition, and the differences in potassium content and accumulation between 2 flue-cured tobacco varieties Yuyan 13 and Zhongyan100 were compared. The results showed that the potassium content of roots, stems and leaves of the two flue-cured tobacco varieties was the highest during the peak period, and decreased with the increase of biomass, the proportion of potassium in the root system increased at the mature stage, and the proportion of leaves decreased. The potassium content and accumulation of leaves and stems of Yuyan No.13 at maturity were higher than those of Zhongyan 100; under moderate drought conditions, the potassium content of Yuyan No.13 and Zhongyan 100 was higher than that of the control, and the potassium accumulation was lower than that of the control; under severe drought conditions, the potassium content and accumulation of stems and leaves of Yuyan No.13 were higher than those of the control, and that of Zhongyan 100 was lower than that of the control. Under drought conditions, the distribution ratio of potassium in roots and stems of Zhongyan 100 increased and the distribution ratio of potassium in leaves decreased. Drought stress had little effect on the potassium absorption and its distribution in rhizomes and leaves of Yuyan No.13.

Effect of different topping times and remaining branch tobacco numbers on the quality of upper burley tobacco

JI Fei, WU Bao-cheng, YANG Dong-rong, MA Fang-lei, WEN Tao, ZHANG Fang

2020, 59(1): 101-105. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.01.022

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To study the effects of different topping periods and the number of leaves on the tobacco leaves on improving the quality of the upper leaves of burley tobacco, and determine the optimal topping period and the number of leaves on the tobacco leaves, plot trials were conducted in the core tobacco area of burley tobacco in Jianshi county, Enshi prefecture, Hubei province. The results showed that the combined measures of different topping periods and the number of leaves remaining on the tobacco can directly affect the economic benefits of tobacco leaves and the distribution of nicotine content in tobacco plants. At the early stage of budding, keeping 8 and 6 leaves of tobacco leaves can significantly increase the output value of tobacco leaves, but the nicotine content in the upper part and the branches is high, and the internal chemical components are not coordinated. In the initial flowering stage, 15%~20% flower topping tobacco, the yield of keeping 4 leaves was lower than that of the early budding with 8 and 6 leaves, but the nicotine content in each part was appropriate and the internal chemical composition was coordinated. Comprehensive analysis shows that under the treatment of keeping 4 leaves of tobacco leaves in the early flowering stage, the economic benefits of tobacco leaves are better, the nicotine content is appropriate, and the industrial availability of upper tobacco is stronger.

Preliminary report on regional experiment of 7 different flue-cured tobacco varieties （strains） in Guizhou province

SU Chang-tao

2020, 59(1): 106-109. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.01.023

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To provide a reference for the approval, promotion and layout of new flue-cured tobacco varieties, taking G68 （K326） as a control, regional tests of flue-cured tobacco varieties （strains） G61, G62, G63, G64, G65, G66, G67 are conducted; and their agronomic and economic traits, including seedling growth, seed color, uniformity, plant shape, leaf shape, growth potential, growth period, disease resistance, tobacco leaf yield and quality, and economic benefits are investigated. The results showed that among the eight varieties （strains） tested, G66 had better agronomic traits and economic benefits, and G64 performed worse.

Superovulation effect of Yichang white goat

CHONG Yu-qing, ZHU Fang-xian, SHEN Hong-xue, ZHU De-jiang, QIN Jun-gan, DENG Xiao-lin, YIN Chun-yun, LIU Pan, JIANG Xun-ping, LIU Gui-qiong

2020, 59(1): 110-113. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.01.024

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Yichang white goats were selected to study the effects of different FSH dosages on superovulation. The results showed that the rate of synchronization estrus was 100% and the number of corpus luteum, collected embryo and effectiveembryo increased with the increment of FSH dosage. When injected 18 AU FSH per goat, the corpus luteum, collected embryos and effective embryos of 6-month-old goats was 18.60, 15.60 and 14.20, respectively while of the 12-month-old goats was 20.00, 16.25 and 14.00, respectively. And the superovulation effects had no significant difference between 6-month- and 12-month- goats. It suggested that the Yichang white goat could be treated superovulation at 6-month-old and the suitable FSH dosage of superovulation for 6- and 12-months old goat was 18 AU/head.

Analysis on drug resistance phenotype of Escherichia coli isolated from different pigs cultivation modes in Guangxi

FENG Shi-wen, LI Jun, PAN Yan, HE Hui-li, PENG Hao, ZHONG Shu-hong, HU Shuai, YANG Wei

2020, 59(1): 114-118. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.01.025

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This study was to investigate the difference of drug resistance phenotype of E. coli isolated from different pigs cultivation modes in guangxi, and to provide a reference for the scientific use of antimicrobial drugs of swine colibacillosis and to slow down the drug resistant strains. E. coli from different pigs cultivation modes in Guangxi was isolated and identified, and the drug-resistant phenotype was tested and analysis. The results showed that, the E.coli isolates from three pigs cultivation modes were highly sensitive to cefoxitin, ceftazidime and amikacin, the sensitive rate up to 70%, while highly resistant to penicillin G, ampicillin, amoxicillin, rifampicin, lincomycin and sulfamethoxazole, the resistance rate up to 90%. The resistance rate of E.coli from large scale pig farms against enrofloxacin was extremely significantly lower than free-range farming （P<0.01）, the resistance rate of E.coli from large scale pig farms against ofloxacin, gentamicin, florfenicol were significantly lower than free-range farmers （P<0.05）. The resistance rate of E. coli from small and medium-sized pig farms against enrofloxacin, doxycycline and florfenicol were significantly lower than free-range farmers （P<0.05）. The resistance rate of E. coli from free-range farmers against ciprofloxacin, kanamycin, spectinomycin were extremely significantly higher than large scale pig farms and small and medium-sized pig farms（P<0.01）, while the resistance rate against cefotaxime was extremely significantly lower than large scale pig farms and small and medium-sized pig farms（P<0.01）. The multiple antibiotics resistance index （MARI） of E. coli from large scale pig farms, small and medium-sized pig farms and free-range farmers was 0.62, 0.63 and 0.68. 14 to 23 resistant E. coli strains accounted in free-range farming, which was extremely significantly higher than large scale pig farms（P<0.01）, and was significantly higher than small and medium-sized pig farms（P<0.05）. The results indicated that the resistance of E. coli from different pigs cultivation mode were different but all very serious and mainly of multi-drug resistance.

Structural characterization of Ce-ZnO nanomaterials and photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B dye

XU Jia-hao, CHEN Rou-lin, YANG Shu-yi, LI Meng-jie, SONG Ru, YU Qun-di

2020, 59(1): 119-122. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.01.026

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Ce-doped nano ZnO nanomaterials were prepared by doping rare earth element Ce with nano-ZnO which prepared by pyrolysis at high temperature, and the structural characteristics and element composition of the materials was characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD） and energy dispersive spectroscopy （EDS）. The effects of Photocatalytic Degradation of Dye RhB Catalyzed by Ce-ZnO was researched in Rhodamine B （RhB） dye as a single sewage system. The result of phase analysis of xray diffraction indicated that the Ce-ZnO catalyst has six crystal wurtzite type structure characteristic diffraction peak and had a diffraction peak of CeO₂. The result of energy spectrum showed that the mass ratio of Ce and Zn is 1∶23.88. Photocatalytic degradation of RhB by Ce-ZnO followed the first-orderkinetics, In natural light, the apparent rate constant of RhB degradation catalyzed by nano-material Ce-ZnO is 0.039 8, which is greater than the apparent rate constant under ultraviolet light （0.024 0）. It indicated that doping rare earth element Ce could effectively improve the catalytic degradation of RhB by nano-ZnO under natural light.

Study on antioxidant activity of polysaccharide from Gomphidius rutilus

JIN Zhi-ming, CHAI Jun-hong, HE Ting-ting, PENG Dan

2020, 59(1): 123-125. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.01.027

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The antioxidant activity of polysaccharide which extracted from Gomphidius rutilus was studied by. in vitro antioxidant systems. The structure of the extracted polysaccharide was also studied by infrared spectroscopy. The results showed that when the polysaccharide concentration reached 1 mg/mL the scavenging rate of superoxide radical, DPPH and hydroxyl radical was 96.96%, 48.53% and 94.95%, respectively. The IR results showed that polysaccharide is beta-pyranose. It indicated that Gomphidius rutilus’s polysaccharide has a high antioxidant capacities and a bright future of development and utilization.

Optimization of microwave-assisted extraction from Hibiseusmanihot L. by response surface methodology and its volatile components analysis

JIANG Mei-hong, LI Xian, ZHANG Bo, ZHENG Lin, WU Chang-wei, HUANG Zhi-qiang, PU Xing-wei, YANG Ji

2020, 59(1): 126-130. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.01.028

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In order to study the development and application of Hibiseusmanihot L. in the fields of tobacco, flavor and fragrance industries,the process of microwave-assisted extraction to make tobacco flavor from Hibiseusmanihot L. was optimized by response surface methodology （RSM）, and its volatile components were analyzed and identified. Based on single factor experiment, with water addition at pretreatment, extraction time, extraction power as factors, and the yields of Hibiseusmanihot L.tobacco flavor as response value, the mathematical model was established by Box-Behnken Design（BBD）for response surface analysis. The volatile components were collected by simultaneous distillation and extraction device, analyzed and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results showed that the extraction yield of Hibiseusmanihot L.could be 0.290% when extracted 85 min 520 W power and the water addition at pretreatment was 1∶2.5. 45 components were identified and mainly of： 1-Docosene, β-Sitosterol, 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, n-Hexadecanoic acid, Acetic acid, n-octadecylester, 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, mono（2-ethylhexyl） ester, 26,26-Dimethyl-5,24（28）-ergostadien-3.beta.-ol, Stigmasterol, et al. It suggested that the microwave method could be used as an effective method to extract the flavor of Hibiseusmanihot L.

Curcuma kwangsiensis germplasm different types of high volatile oil content by GC-MS analysis

YANG Ni, WANG Jian, XIE Wei

2020, 59(1): 131-134. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.01.029

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Steam distillation method using GC-MS of different germplasm Curcuma kwangsiensis high volatile oil content of the composition analysis, determine its composition and contains volatile oil content of each component.The result showed that different germplasm Curcuma kwangsiensis high volatile oil content types there are both volatile oil from volatile oils, and there peculiar volatile oil components, the same composition of different germplasm resulting mass fraction varies, the number of detected peaks are large differences of detected in 31 kinds of compounds.The results of C-108,D-16,D-11,D-3 the four varieties. With different content of volatile oil contains chemicals and active ingredients there is a certain correlation between the results of this study can be volatile oil quality control and breeding new varieties Curcuma provide a scientific basis.

Identification of Alpinia officinarum and Alpinia Galanga by HS-SPME-GC-MS

LI Jin-zhou, YANG Hong-bing, LIU Yi, CHEN Cheng, LUO Yu-shen

2020, 59(1): 135-138. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.01.030

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The volatile components of Alpinia officinarum and Alpinia Galanga were extracted by headspace solid phase microextraction （HS-SPME）, and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS）, and the relative content of each component was calculated by the method of area normalization. The results showed that 128 peaks were detected, and 69 compounds were identified in two medicinal materials. In Alpinia officinarum, 61 peaks were detected, and 44 components were identified, which is account for 91.52% of the total volatile components. The main substances were1,2,4a,5,6,8a-Hexahydro-4, 7-dimethyl-1-（1-methylethyl）naphthalene, Eucalyptol, alpha-Terpineol, Seychellene, 1-Caryophyllene, beta-Pinene, （1r,4r）-（+）-campho, etc. 67 peaks were detected, and 41 components were identified from Alpinia Galanga, which is account for 78.29% of the total volatile components; the main substances were β-Sesquiphellandrene, Pentadecane, （E）-b-Farnesene, l-Caryophyllene. Composition and content of volatile components. The Composition and content of volatile components in Alpinia officinarum and Alpinia Galanga are very different, and they can not be mixed together.

Determination of sweeteners and preservatives in seasoning tea-based drinks by high performance liquid chromatography

QU Hui-lin, DOU Kai-kai, QI Guo-ye, LIU Yun-feng, WANG Peng-tao

2020, 59(1): 139-141. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.01.031

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Develop a method for the determination of 2 kinds of sweeteners（saccharin sodium, aspartame） and 3 kinds of preservatives （benzoic acid, sorbic acid, dehydroacetic acid） in seasoning tea-based drinks by high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. A Diamonsil C₁₈ column （5 μm,250 mm×4.6 mm） was used with methanol -0.02 mol/L ammonium acetate （containing 0.4 mmol/L formic acid） solution as the mobile phase under the condition of gradient elution. Samples were extracted with water in an 50 ℃ ultrasonic bath for 30 min, and then they were analysed by VWD. Results show that the targets are baseline separated in 20 min. All correlation coef cients （r） are more than 0.999, with the average recoveries range from 83.0% to 108.0%, intra-day precision （RSD） values below 3.6% and inter-day precision （RSD） values below 4.4%. The method can be used for analyzing the targets in seasoning tea-based drinks.

Analysis of volatile components of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium viride by HS-SPME-GC-MS

HAN Man, JIANG Han-mei, MA Yin-yu

2020, 59(1): 142-144. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.01.032

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Using HS-SPME and GC-MS to extract and analyze the volatile constituents in Citri reticulatae pericarpium viride. The results showed that 68 peaks were detected from Mori folium, 56 components were identified, accounting for 87.98% of volatile components, including （+）-p-Mentha-1,8-diene（15.06%）, Linalool（10.88%）, cis-Carveol（7.88%）, trans-Carveol（6.49%）, α-Farnesene（6.26%）, α-Terpineol（3.59%）. HS-SPME-GC-MS combined technique was used to analyze the volatile components of Citri reticulatae pericarpium viride for the first time, providing reference for its further development and utilization.

Determination of biogenic amines in aquatic products by a new pre-column derivatization RP-HPLC method

LI Su-yuan, YU Xi, HUANG Long, YU Jia

2020, 59(1): 145-148. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.01.033

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A new pre-column derivatization and reversed high performance liquid chromatography （RP-HPLC） was used to detect 8 biogenic amines in 15 kinds of aquatic products.,8 biogenic amines could be separated by a new precolumn derivatization method. The results showed that in the range of 1.0 to 100 mg/L, 8 biogenic amines showed a good linear correlation（R²≥0.998）, the detection limit and quantitative limit of the method were lower than that of the national standard method. The average recovery rate of the added standard was 90%~110%. The method was simple to operate,derivatives are stable, few impurity, accurate and reliable results, can be used to detect biological amines in fish and dried fish products.

Adventitious shoot induction and plant regeneration of lily varieties khaki

LI Hao, LIU Yu-chao, HUANG Zi-xuan, LI Jia

2020, 59(1): 149-151. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.01.034

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With the bulbs of Lillium spp. var. Khaki as explants, MS medium plus different concentrations of plant growth regulators were used to inducing adventitious shoots and roots for plant regeneration. In this process, orthogonal experimental methods were used to analysis the impact of the concentrations and proportions of 6-BA, NAA, GA, IBA and active carbon to shoots and roots inducement of Lillium spp. var. Khaki. The results showed that the optimal medium for shoots inducement was MS+2.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.1 mg/L NAA+0.5 mg/L GA₃. After retesting, it was proved that the ratio of shoots inducement was 83.3% and the shoots were strong, fresh green and less browning. The optimal medium for rooting of adventitious shoots was 1/2MS+0.1 mg/L NAA+0.1 mg/L IBA and the ratio of rooting was 73.3%. The number of roots for each adventitious shoot was higher. The roots were strong and in good condition.

Study on high efficient transformation of exogenous fatty acids into hydroxyfatty acids by engineering Escherichia coli

WANG Xiang-wei

2020, 59(1): 152-155. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.01.035

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Cytochrome P450BM3 can hydroxylates fatty acids into hydroxyfatty acids（HFAs） at the ω-positions with high entioselectivity. Based on the construction of Escherichia coli carrying P450BM3 gene to transform fatty acids. As an effort to solve inhibit fatty acid β-oxidation and increase outer membrane fatty acids transporter, the lipoacyl-coa synthase gene（fadD） deletion and outer membrane proteins encode gene（fadL） overexpression strains were built. Under shake-flask conditions, this recombinant strains produced 748.8 mg/L hydroxy dodecanoic acid, meanwhile the conversion rate was 93.6%.

Bioinformatics analysis of β-carotene converting enzyme （Asy） gene from phaffia rhodozyma

ZHANG Shuang, XU Yong, TONG Lin, ZHANG Zhong-dong, YE Hong

2020, 59(1): 156-158. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.01.036

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The amino acid sequence of the yeast extract of Astaxanthin was used as the research object. The physical and chemical properties and subcellular localization were determined by online prediction tools such as ProtParam, SignalP, PSORT, ProtScale, SOMPA, PredictProtein, PROSITE, COILS and SWISS-MODEL., pro-hydrophobicity, secondary structure, tertiary structure, etc. were analyzed. The invertase consisted of 557 amino acid residues and was a signal-free peptide, a transmembrane structure, and a soluble hydrophilic protein localized in cytochrome oxidase. The alpha helix and random coil are the primary secondary structural elements. The tertiary structure uses the B-chain of PDB ID 5vcc.1 as a template, and its function is predicted to be cytochrome P450. The bioinformatics method is more reliable in analyzing and predicting the results, which lays a theoretical foundation for further research on the biosynthesis regulation mechanism of astaxanthin.

Study on coordinated development of population urbanization and land urbanization in Fuzhou city

JIN Ze-tao, LIU Ping-hui

2020, 59(1): 159-163. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.01.037

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Taking Fuzhou city as the research object, based on the four aspects of population structure, living standards, land structure, and land-use input-output, a coordinated development evaluation index system for population urbanization and land urbanization was constructed, and using the coordinated development model as the research method, the coordinated development relationship between population and land in Fuzhou from 2007 to 2016 was analyzed. The results show that the coordinated relationship between population urbanization and land urbanization in Fuzhou city has developed from serious disorder to a moderate one. The state of coordination between population and land urbanization has shifted from a lagging type of severely imbalanced land lagging type of primary coordination population lagging type. Fuzhou's population and land urbanization rate are relatively consistent, but the population urbanization rate is slightly insufficient.

Impact of negative reports on trustworthiness of tourist destination： Analysis based on personality characteristics and perceived betrayal

YAN Zhi-wu, XIE Yun-hu, TIAN Qi, LI Jiang-min

2020, 59(1): 164-169. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.01.038

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Based on the analysis of personality traits and perceived betrayal, a research model of "severity of negative reporting × personality traits - perceived betrayal - destination trust" was constructed and verified using the scenario test. The results show that for the same negative report, compared with the low severity group, the high severity group has a greater impact on destination trust; the psychological mechanism is that perceived betrayal partially mediates between the negative report and the destination trust. Personality traits have a moderating effect between negative reporting and perceived betrayal. Compared with rational personality, the perceived betrayal of potential tourists with emotional personality will be greater.

Research on the development strategy of food tourism from the perspective of tourism industry cluster：A case study of Huanggang city Hubei province

CHENG Wen-qian

2020, 59(1): 170-174. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.01.039

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The location entropy theory was used to measure the tourism industry cluster related indexes of Huanggang city and its subordinate counties and cities in 2017. The results show that Huanggang's total tourism area entropy index is 1.25, showing a clear cluster trend; Macheng（1.62）, Hongan（2.53）, Luotian（3.03）, Yingshan（3.89） have formed an industrial agglomeration trend; and in Huangzhou（0.96）, Tuanfeng（0.85）, Qichun（0.82）, there has been a clear cluster trend. Based on the characteristics, development advantages and limiting factors of the food tourism resources in Huanggang city, the development strategies of food tourism in Huanggang city is analyzed from the perspective of industrial clusters.

Study on the mechanism of recreational behavior in urban and rural areas based on SEM

LI Jiang-min, CHAI Ya-duo, GAO Jie

2020, 59(1): 175-181. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.01.040

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Based on 1665 questionnaires for residents' recreation around the city of Wuhan, the structural equation model （SEM） was adopted to study the relationship between experience value, tourist satisfaction and behavioral intention, and to verify the "tourism experience value-satisfaction-behavioral intention" model （TEVSB） to reveal the mechanism of urban and rural recreation around metropolis. There are three links nested with each other： the first is the layered effect of the experience value; the second is the mediating effect of situational value and emotional value; the third is the direct effect of cognitive value on behavioral intentions. Functional value, economic value, situational value and emotional value have indirect effects on behavioral intentions through tourist satisfaction. Based on the conclusions, some suggestions are put forward to promote the development of rural-urban recreational areas.

Research on the assistance of distressed children from the perspective of social governance——Taking the distressed children participating in the Spring Bud Plan in Shuyang county,Jiangsu province as an example

HE Meng-ting

2020, 59(1): 182-186. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.01.041

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Children in distress are the most vulnerable groups in the entire group of children who need protection and support. The problems of left-behind children, seriously ill children, and unaccompanied children have caused widespread concern in society. In order to explore the problems existing in the current distressed children's rescue process, the suggestions for the choice of the distressed children's rescue route from the perspective of social governance are puts forward. By using the methods of literature research, case analysis and data analysis, the data of physical health, education level, family economic status of the 300 children in distress in 13 natural villages of Shuyang county, Jiangsu province,who participated in the Spring Bud Plan of Jiangsu Children's Welfare Foundation in 2017, were collected and analyzed. It was found that there were problems such as imperfect legal policies, simplification of the main body of assistance, low degree of specialization of the rescue work team, and imperfect rescue integration mechanism. From the perspective of social governance, a multi-disciplinary system based on government responsibility, non-government organization and professional welfare institutions （including children's welfare homes）, family care and community care should be constructed.

The effects of land circulation and economic development on the ecosystem service value in Chongqing

ZHANG Wei-wei, ZHANG Li-ping, YANG Ye-hong

2020, 59(1): 187-193. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.01.042

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Using the land use change data of Chongqing in 1999—2008, using the equivalent factor table of China's terrestrial ecological service value, the change in ecological value caused by land transfer is estimated, and the impact of social and economic development on the value of ecological service is considered. The results show that the value of ecosystem services in Chongqing in 1999, 2004, and 2008 were 5,234,383,600, 5,493,479,600 and 5,525,143,700 yuan, respectively. The overall value of ecosystem services has shown a slowly increasing trend. The increase in the area of forest land and construction land and the decrease in cultivated land are the main reasons. In the two consecutive research sections, the value of cultivated land ecosystem services decreased the most, indicating that the development of construction land during urbanization has seriously affected the ecosystem service functions of Chongqing. In addition, from 1999 to 2008, the proportion of Chongqing's GDP to the value of ecosystem services is getting smaller and smaller, indicating that rapid economic growth is negatively related to the value of ecosystem services. The research results can provide reference suggestions for the government in making optimal land allocation and transfer decisions to ensure coordinated economic, social, and ecological development.

Impact of environmental protection tax collection on enterprises and its planning strategies

HU Jing-jun, LIU Xi-yu, SHEN Xiao-mei

2020, 59(1): 194-197. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.01.043

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In the face of increasingly serious environmental problems, China officially levied environmental protection taxes in January 2018. The collection of environmental protection tax echoes the urgent need of China's environmental protection cause, and it will inevitably affect the behavior choices of residents, enterprises and the whole society. First of all, from the three stages of development, basic formation and development and improvement, we will sort out the evolution process of China's environmental protection tax, and clarify the similarities and differences between environmental protection tax and pollution charge. Secondly, the opportunities and challenges of environmental protection tax collection are discussed for environmental protection enterprises and non-environmental protection enterprises. Finally, the tax planning strategies of enterprises are discussed from the aspects of tax reduction and taxation technology, tax rate difference technology and deduction technology.

Building of the functional zones of grain production in the Mufu mountain area,Hubei province

SUN Zhi-guo, LIU Zhi-yang, XIONG Wan-zhen, ZHONG Ru-gang, DING Guang-ping

2020, 59(1): 198-201. doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2020.01.044

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The establishment of functional areas for grain production is an important measure to ensure the national grain security and optimize the distribution of agricultural production. It will help to further promote the structural reform of agricultural supply side, and comprehensively implement the strategy of storing grain for the land and storing grain for technology.The Mufu mountain area, is one of the four main battlegrounds of targeted poverty alleviation in Hubei province. The overview of building the functional zones of grain production in China and Hubei province was introduced, the functional zones of grain production in the poverty alleviation area was studied, the tactics to build functional zones of grain production under the rural revitalization strategy and the targeted poverty alleviation strategy were explored.

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