Abstract: Based on Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS data of Changsha on July 23^th of 2016, the surface temperature was retrieved by using Qin Zhihao single window algorithm. The spatial distribution characteristics of urban thermal environment and the influence of main surface ecological environment parameters on urban thermal environment effect were analyzed. The results show are as follows（1） The surface temperature of the main urban area of Changsha is relatively higher, and the high temperature areas are mainly distributed in areas with high density urban construction, single function of urban construction and less vegetation coverage; （2） the range of heat island area of Changsha is basically the same as the built-up area of the city, the super-high temperature area and the high temperature area which constitute the heat island area are mainly distributed in the Central District and Changsha County.Overall, the Urban-Heat-Island-Ratio-Index is as high as 0.712, and the urban heat environment situation of Changsha has become more severe; （3） Quantitative analysis of the relationship between surface parameters and surface temperature shows that the built-up land plays a role in increasing surface temperature, while vegetation does the opposite, and the heating effect of the built-up land is much stronger than that of vegetation. Therefore, in the future urban planning, the urban heat island effect can be effectively alleviated by increasing vegetation while reducing the area of construction land.

Key words: Landsat-8 OLI/TIRS, Urban thermal environment, URI, Changsha