Abstract: At the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee, the goal of “promoting green development and promoting harmonious coexistence between man and nature” was put forward. As an important part of promoting green development and realizing rural revitalization, the improvement of rural living environment is particularly important. To a large extent, the effective completion of rural human settlement environment improvement depends on the extensive participation of villagers. Based on the investigation of village governance practices in P County, it was found that under the stimulation of different factors and different intensities, villagers showed different levels of participation in the renovation of human settlements. Under the combined action of interest incentive and system justice, villagers showed the participation form of profit-driving, conformity and autonomy under different intensities. Interest incentive factors were determined by the positive incentive and reverse punishment, while institutional justice was composed of assessment justice and opportunity justice. In the improvement of rural human settlement environment, the effective and orderly political participation of villagers could be promoted and the sustainable development of rural human settlement environment could be realized, only by constantly improving the interest incentive mechanism and strengthening the system justice mechanism.

Key words: benefit incentive, institutional justice, human settlement environment, village-level governance