湖北农业科学 ›› 2019, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (14): 46-50.doi: 10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.14.011

• 资源·环境 • 上一篇    下一篇

氮磷钾用量对西兰花产量、质量和养分利用率的影响

陈千财1, 佀国涵2,3, 谢媛圆2,3, 夏贤格2, 袁家富2,3, 汪新胜4, 赵书军2,3, 徐大兵2,3   

  1. 1.恩施市芭蕉侗族乡农业服务中心,湖北 恩施 445033;
    2.农业农村部废弃物肥料化利用重点实验室,武汉 430064;
    3.湖北省农业科学院植保土肥研究所,武汉 430064;
    4.孝感市农业科学院,湖北 孝感 432504
  • 收稿日期:2019-04-04 出版日期:2019-07-25 发布日期:2019-12-06
  • 作者简介:陈千财(1978-),男,湖北恩施人,农艺师,主要从事农业技术推广工作,(电话)13697180349(电子信箱)dabing_xu@163.com。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0201210); 湖北省蔬菜减肥减药及提质增效技术研究与示范项目

Effects of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium on yield,quality and nutrient utilization rate of broccoli

CHEN Qian-cai1, SI Guo-han2,3, XIE Yuan-yuan2,3, XIA Xian-ge2, YUAN Jia-fu2,3, WANG Xin-sheng4, ZHAO Shu-jun2,3, XU Da-bing2,3   

  1. 1.Agricultural Service Center of Bajiao Dong Nationality Township in Enshi City,Enshi 445033,Hubei,China;
    2.Key Laboratory of Fertilization from Agricultural Wastes,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Wuhan 430064,China;
    3.Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer,Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Wuhan 430064,China;
    4.Xiaogan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Xiaogan 432504,Hubei,China
  • Received:2019-04-04 Online:2019-07-25 Published:2019-12-06

摘要: 通过田间试验研究了氮、磷、钾用量对西兰花产量、质量和养分利用率的影响。结果表明,随着施氮量(240~480 kg/hm2)的增加,西兰花产量、生物量和干物质量均呈现出先增加后降低的变化趋势,以330~405 kg/hm2施氮量最高。当氮、磷、钾用量分别超过330、135和255 kg/hm2时,对产量的增加效果有限。330~405 kg/hm2施氮量能够获得较高的氮、磷、钾累积量,磷、钾用量分别超过135和255 kg/hm2时会降低植株氮素累积量,但对磷、钾累积量的影响不显著。施氮量为240~405 kg/hm2时氮肥利用率和氮肥农学利用率分别达到了43.10%~47.66%和16.25~16.72 kg/kg。施氮量的增加促进了西兰花硝酸盐的累积,但是降低维生素C含量,而糖酸比和灰分则呈现先降低后增加的变化趋势。总之,在磷、钾用量分别为135和255 kg/hm2的基础上,施氮量为330~405 kg/hm2时,西兰花能够获得较好的产量、质量和氮肥利用效率。

关键词: 产量, 质量, 养分累积量, 氮肥利用率, 农学利用率

Abstract: Field experiment was carried out to study the effects of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) amount on yield, quality and nutrient use efficiency of broccoli. The results showed that with the increase of N application (240~480 kg/hm2), the yield, biomass and dry matter of broccoli increased first and then decreased, and the highest N application rate was 330~405 kg/hm2. When the amount of N, P and K exceeded 330, 135 and 255 kg/hm2,respectively, the effect of yield improvement was limited. N application with 330~405 kg/hm2 could obtain higher N, P and K accumulation. When P and K application exceeded 135 and 255 kg/hm2,respectively, the N accumulation of plant reduced, but the effect on P and K accumulation was not significant. Nitrogen use efficiency and agronomic use efficiency reached 43.10%~47.66% and 16.25~16.72 kg/kg respectively with 240~405 kg/hm2 of N application. Nitrogen application increased nitrate accumulation in broccoli, but decreased vitamin C content, while sugar-acid ratio and ash content decreased first and then increased. In a word, broccoli can obtain better yield and quality and nitrogen use efficiency when the amount of P and K was 135 and 255 kg/hm2,respectively, and with the 330~405 kg/hm2 of N application.

Key words: yield, quality, nutrient accumulation, nitrogen use efficiency, agronomic use efficiency

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