水稻低节位早发分蘖与秧苗叶片形态、碳氮代谢的关系

doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.21.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了研究水稻（Oryza sativa L.）低节位早发分蘖与叶片形态、碳氮代谢之间的关系,并筛选低节位分蘖多、早期分蘖发生速率快且符合理想株型叶片形态的水稻品种（系）,对31个籼亚种水稻品种（系）早期低节位的分蘖特性、叶片形态及碳氮代谢指标进行了相关性分析和聚类分析。结果表明,在正常栽培条件下,不同水稻品种（系）第一叶位成蘖率存在广泛变异,而第二、第三叶位成蘖率达到100%;水稻低节位分蘖发生速率与秧苗前3片叶叶长呈正相关,分蘖数量与叶宽呈负相关,因此,在育种上,可以将水稻秧苗前3片叶较长且较窄作为筛选早发分蘖水稻品种的参考形态指标;水稻植株体内蔗糖含量只影响分蘖发生速率,但不影响分蘖数量;硝态氮含量既影响分蘖发生速率,也影响成蘖率,氮代谢酶谷氨酸合酶（NADH-GOGAT）和谷氨酸脱氢酶（NADH-GDH）的活性能促进水稻低节位分蘖的发生;将31份水稻品种（系）进行聚类,可分为A、B、C 3类,其中C类材料是分蘖发生较早且分蘖发生速率快、叶片形态更接近于理想株型叶片形态的优质育种材料。

关键词: 水稻（Oryza sativa L.）, 低节位分蘖, 分蘖早发, 叶片形态, 碳氮代谢

Abstract: In order to study early tillers at low-nodes and their association with leaf morphological characters and carbon and nitrogen metabolism, and to screen rice （Oryza sativa L.） varieties （lines） with many tillers at early low-nodes, high tillering rate and the leaf morphology of ideal plant architecture, the tillering characteristics at early low-nodes, seeding leaf morphology and carbon and nitrogen metabolism indexes in 31 indica rice varieties （lines） were studied by correlation analysis and cluster analysis. The results showed that under general cultivation conditions, the tillering rate of the first node in different rice varieties （lines） showed extensive variation, while the tillering rate of the second and third node reached 100%. The occurrence rate of tillers at low-nodes in rice was positively correlated with seeding leaf length, and tiller number was negatively correlated with leaf width. Therefore, in breeding, the first three leaves of rice seedlings which are longer and narrower can be used as morphological reference indexs for selecting rice varieties with early tillers. The sucrose content in rice seeding affected only the occurrence rate of tillers, but not affected tiller number. Nitrate content affected not only the occurrence rate of tillers, but also the tillering rate. The activity of nitrogen metabolic enzymes such as glutamate synthase （NADG-GOGAT） and glutamate dehydrogenase （NADG-GDH） could promote the formation of tillers at low-nodes in rice. The rice varieties（lines） investigated in the current study were clustered into three categories： classes A, B and C. Among them, materials in class C were high-quality breeding materials with early tillers, fast occurrence rate of tiller, and leaf morphology closer to that of ideal plant architecture.

Key words: rice （Oryza sativa L.）, low-node tillers, early tillers, leaf morphological characters, carbon and nitrogen metabolism

中图分类号:

S511

涂雯, 安琪, 何永刚, 刘少佳, 蔡海亚, 章志宏. 水稻低节位早发分蘖与秧苗叶片形态、碳氮代谢的关系[J]. 湖北农业科学, 2019, 58(21): 22-29.

TU Wen, AN Qi, HE Yong-gang, LIU Shao-jia, CAI Hai-ya, ZHANG Zhi-hong. The relationship between early tillers at low-nodes and leaf morphological characters,carbon and nitrogen metabolism in rice[J]. HUBEI AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, 2019, 58(21): 22-29.

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