日本野漆树种子休眠及萌发特性研究

doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2023.07.017

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探究日本野漆树（Toxicodendron succedaneum）种子的休眠原因、解除休眠方法及萌发特性,以成熟的日本野漆树种子为材料,观测其形态结构及吸水率,测定日本野漆树种子不同部位的甲醇提取物对白菜种子发芽与生长的影响,比较不同脱蜡处理结合赤霉素浸泡对日本野漆树种子萌发率的影响,测定日本野漆树种子萌发过程中生理生化指标的变化。结果表明,日本野漆树种子透水性差,存在物理休眠现象,清水浸泡15 d吸水率仅34.17%,种子酸蚀处理后清水浸泡5 d已吸胀,吸水率达77.12%。日本野漆树内种皮提取物对白菜种子发芽与生长有显著抑制作用,其内种皮含有抑制发芽内源物质,存在生理休眠现象。98% H₂SO₄脱蜡处理20 min结合300 mg/L赤霉素溶液浸种12 h,可打破日本野漆树种子休眠,相比对照发芽势、发芽率显著提高,且萌发早、发芽整齐,发芽势达（54.33±0.58）%,发芽率达（97.67±2.52）%,第3天开始萌发,第10天发齐。日本野漆树种子萌发过程中可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质含量显著降低,POD、α-淀粉酶活性显著增强,休眠期日本野漆树种子ABA含量较高、GA₃含量较低,种子吸胀阶段GA₃含量急剧增加,胚根长出后ABA和GA₃含量显著下降。

关键词: 日本野漆树（Toxicodendron succedaneum）, 种子休眠, 休眠解除, 发芽率, 萌发生理

Abstract: In order to explore the dormancy causes, dormancy release methods and germination characteristics of Japanese wild lacquer（Toxicodendron succedaneum） seeds, mature Japanese wild lacquer seeds were used as materials to observe their morphological structure and water absorption, determine the effects of methanol extracts from different parts of Japanese wild lacquer seeds on the germination and growth of Chinese cabbage seeds, compare the effects of different dewaxing treatments combined with gibberellin soaking on the germination rate of Japanese wild lacquer seeds, and determine the changes of physiological and biochemical indexes during seed germination of Japanese wild lacquer. The results showed that, the seeds of Japanese wild lacquer tree had poor water permeability and physical dormancy. The water absorption rate was only 34.17% after soaking in clean water for 15 days, and the water absorption rate reached 77.12% after acid etching treatment and soaking in clean water for 5 days. The endotesta extract of Japanese wild lacquer had a significant inhibitory effect on the germination and growth of Chinese cabbage seeds. The endotesta contained endogenous substances that inhibited germination and had physiological dormancy. 98% H₂SO₄ dewaxing treatment for 20 min combined with soaking seeds in 300 mg/L gibberellin solution for 12 h could break the seed dormancy of Japanese wild lacquer tree, significantly improve the germination potential and germination rate compared with the control, and make the germination early and neat. The seed germination potential reached （54.33±0.58）% and the germination rate reached （97.67±2.52）%. The seeds started to germinate on the 3rd day and all had germinated on the 10th day. During seed germination, the contents of soluble sugar and soluble protein decreased significantly, the activity of POD and α-amylase increased significantly. The contents of ABA and GA₃ in the seeds of Japanese wild lacquer tree were higher and lower in the dormancy stage. The content of GA₃ increased sharply in the imbibition stage. After the radicle grew, the contents of ABA and GA₃ decreased significantly.

Key words: Toxicodendron succedaneum, seed dormancy, dormancy release, germination percentage, germination physiology

中图分类号:

陈法志, 童俊, 杨守坤, 翟敬华, 高惠江, 刘忠. 日本野漆树种子休眠及萌发特性研究[J]. 湖北农业科学, 2023, 62(7): 95-100.

CHEN Fa-zhi, TONG Jun, YANG Shou-kun, ZHAI Jing-hua, GAO Hui-jiang, LIU Zhong. Study on seed dormancy and germination characteristics of Toxicodendron succedaneum[J]. HUBEI AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, 2023, 62(7): 95-100.

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