湖北农业科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 65 ›› Issue (2): 167-175.doi: 10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2026.02.025

• 畜牧·兽医 • 上一篇    下一篇

武汉市沉湖湿地自然保护区2005—2021年水鸟群落动态研究

谢鸿1,2, 徐永荣1, 颜军3, 王凯旋1, 明亮3, 林马勇1, 李鹏4, 肖之炎4   

  1. 1.华中农业大学园艺林学学院/湖北省林业信息工程技术研究中心,武汉 430070;
    2.湖南环境生物职业技术学院园林学院,湖南 衡阳 421005;
    3.武汉市观鸟协会,武汉 430023;
    4.武汉市林业工作站/武汉市湿地保护中心,武汉 430023
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-29 出版日期:2026-03-04 发布日期:2026-03-04
  • 通讯作者: 肖之炎(1972-),男,高级工程师,主要从事湿地保护和管理工作。
  • 作者简介:谢 鸿(1994-),男,湖南道县人,助理实验师,硕士,主要从事森林生态学和森林经理学教学和科研工作,(电话)17775967820。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFF130300); 武汉市园林科研项目“基于典型水鸟长期种群动态及其关键驱动力的沉湖湿地生态系统恢复策略研究”

Dynamics of waterfowl community in Chenhu Wetland Nature Reserve in Wuhan City from 2005 to 2021

XIE Hong1,2, XU Yong-rong1, YAN Jun3, WANG Kai-xuan1, MING Liang3, LIN Ma-yong1, LI Peng4, XIAO Zhi-yan4   

  1. 1. College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University/Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Forestry Information, Wuhan 430070, China;
    2. College of Landscape Architecture, Hunan Polytechnic of Environment and Biology, Hengyang 421005, Hunan, China;
    3. Wuhan Bird Watching Association, Wuhan 430023, China;
    4. Wuhan Forestry Workstation/Wuhan Wetlands Conservation Center, Wuhan 430023, China
  • Received:2025-09-29 Published:2026-03-04 Online:2026-03-04

摘要: 基于长期定点观测数据,分析了沉湖湿地自然保护区建立以来水鸟群落的长期动态。结果表明,沉湖湿地水鸟群落的物种数与个体数在2005—2021年大幅增加、物种多样性指数呈波动上升;冬候鸟是群落的主体,涉禽物种数占优势、游禽个体数占优势,杂食性水鸟物种数占优势、个体数组成由无明显优势类型转变为植食性占优势;雁形目和鸻形目为水鸟群落组成的优势目;水鸟群落优势种的物种数在2015年后逐渐减少;水鸟群落经历了物种组成变化剧烈和物种组成变化较小两个阶段;2005—2021年沉湖湿地每年均观测到濒危珍稀水鸟物种,2017年后濒危珍稀水鸟物种数量开始稳定上升,2018年后每年均观测到年份特有水鸟物种。

关键词: 沉湖湿地自然保护区, 水鸟群落, 动态

Abstract: Based on long-term fixed-point observation data, the long-term dynamics of the waterbird community since the establishment of the Chenhu Wetland Nature Reserve were analyzed. It was found that the number of species and individuals in the Chenhu wetland waterbird community increased significantly from 2005 to 2021, with a fluctuating increase in species diversity indices. Winter migratory birds constituted the majority of the community, with waders predominating in terms of species count and swimming birds in terms of individual count. The species count of omnivorous waterbirds was dominant, and the composition of individual count had shifted from having no clear dominant type to a predominance of herbivores. The Anseriformes and Charadriiformes were the dominant orders in the waterbird community. The number of dominant species in the waterbird community gradually decreased after 2015. The waterbird community underwent two stages: a period of significant changes in species composition and a period of minor changes in species composition. Endangered and rare waterbird species were observed annually in Chenhu Wetland from 2005 to 2021. After 2017, the number of endangered and rare waterbird species began to steadily increase, and unique waterbird species were observed annually after 2018.

Key words: Chenhu Wetland Nature Reserve, waterbird community, dynamics

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