豫西煤粮复合区土壤重金属污染评价及分布特征

doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2026.06.013

湖北农业科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 65 ›› Issue (6): 80-86.doi: 10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2026.06.013

豫西煤粮复合区土壤重金属污染评价及分布特征

张满满^1a,1b, 赵磊^1a,1b, 谭敏², 李宏超^1a,1b, 穆宝胜^1a,1b

1.河南测绘职业学院,a.国土信息与管理学院; b.河南省智能国土低空协同感知工程研究中心,郑州 451464;
2.中国矿业大学环境与测绘学院,江苏徐州 221116

收稿日期:2026-02-25 出版日期:2026-06-25 发布日期:2026-06-26
通讯作者: 谭敏（1988-）,女,安徽淮北人,副教授,博士,主要从事土地利用和土壤环境修复研究,（电子信箱）396071328@qq.com。
作者简介:张满满（1988-）,女,安徽宿州人,高级工程师,硕士,主要从事土壤学和矿山生态环境修复研究,（电子信箱）zmmcumt@163.com。
基金资助:
河南测绘职业学院校级青年基金项目（2023CHQN06）; 河南省高校人文社会科学研究一般项目（2026-ZZJH-105）; 教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目（25YJC880027）

Evaluation and distribution characteristics of soil heavy metal pollution in a coal-grain overlapped area of western Henan

ZHANG Man-man^1a,1b, ZHAO Lei^1a,1b, TAN Min², LI Hong-chao^1a,1b, MU Bao-sheng^1a,1b

1a. School of Land Information and Management; 1b. Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Territorial Low-Altitude Collaborative Perception,Henan College of Surveying and Mapping, Zhengzhou 451464, China;
2. School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China

Received:2026-02-25 Published:2026-06-25 Online:2026-06-26

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探究豫西煤粮复合区土壤重金属污染特征及空间分布规律,以新安县中西部矿区周边为研究区,采用扇形布点法布设13个表层土壤采样点,运用电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）测定As、Pb、Zn、Cu、Cr、Cd 6种重金属含量,结合地质累积指数法、Pearson相关性分析、聚类分析等方法,系统评价重金属污染程度并解析其空间分布特征。结果表明,研究区土壤pH为5.8~7.3,呈弱酸性至中性;除12号、13号采样点外,其他采样点Zn含量均高于河南省土壤元素背景值。地质累积指数评价显示,As、Cd和Cr的污染等级均为无污染,Zn和Cu的污染等级均为无污染至轻度污染,Pb的污染等级为轻度污染至偏中度污染。相关性分析表明,Pb与Zn以及Pb、Zn、Cu、Cr与Cd均呈极显著高度正相关（P<0.01）,而As与其他重金属元素相关性较弱。聚类分析将6种重金属划分为3类：Ⅰ类（Pb、Zn）、Ⅱ类（Cu、Cr、Cd）、Ⅲ类（As）。空间分布上,As与Cd呈西南向东北递减趋势,高值区集中于煤矸石堆存区;Pb、Zn、Cu、Cr呈斑块状分布,整体呈西南向东北降低的趋势,其中,Zn的局部富集可能与交通运输及煤矸石堆放有关。

关键词: 煤粮复合区, 土壤, 重金属, 污染评价, 分布特征, 豫西

Abstract: To investigate the pollution characteristics and spatial distribution patterns of heavy metals in soils of a coal-grain overlapped area in western Henan, this study selected the surroundings of a mining area in the central-western part of Xin’an County as the research area. A total of 13 surface soil sampling sites were established using the sector sampling method, and the concentrations of six heavy metals, As, Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr, and Cd, were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The pollution levels of heavy metals were systematically evaluated and their spatial distribution characteristics were analyzed using the geoaccumulation index method, Pearson correlation analysis, and cluster analysis. The results showed that the soil pH in the study area ranged from 5.8 to 7.3, indicating weakly acidic to neutral conditions; except for sampling sites 12 and 13, the Zn concentrations at all other sites exceeded the background values of soil elements in Henan Province. The geoaccumulation index evaluation indicated that the pollution levels of As, Cd and Cr were unpolluted, the pollution levels of Zn and Cu ranged from unpolluted to slightly polluted, and the pollution level of Pb ranged from slightly polluted to moderately polluted. Correlation analysis revealed that Pb and Zn, as well as Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr, and Cd, exhibited highly significant and strong positive correlations (P<0.01), whereas As showed weak correlations with other heavy metal elements. Cluster analysis classified the six heavy metals into three categories: Category Ⅰ(Pb and Zn), Category Ⅱ(Cu, Cr, and Cd), and Category Ⅲ(As). Spatially, the concentrations of As and Cd exhibited a decreasing trend from southwest to northeast, with high-value areas concentrated in coal gangue storage zones, the concentrations of Pb, Zn, Cu, and Cr displayed a patchy distribution pattern, generally decreasing from southwest to northeast, and the localized enrichment of Zn might have been associated with transportation activities and coal gangue stacking.

Key words: coal-grain overlapped area, soil, heavy metal, pollution evaluation, distribution characteristics, western Henan

中图分类号:

X825

张满满, 赵磊, 谭敏, 李宏超, 穆宝胜. 豫西煤粮复合区土壤重金属污染评价及分布特征[J]. 湖北农业科学, 2026, 65(6): 80-86.

ZHANG Man-man, ZHAO Lei, TAN Min, LI Hong-chao, MU Bao-sheng. Evaluation and distribution characteristics of soil heavy metal pollution in a coal-grain overlapped area of western Henan[J]. HUBEI AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, 2026, 65(6): 80-86.

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豫西煤粮复合区土壤重金属污染评价及分布特征

Evaluation and distribution characteristics of soil heavy metal pollution in a coal-grain overlapped area of western Henan

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