硅硒叶面喷施处理对水稻砷累积的品种特异性阻控效应

doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2026.08.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为阻控稻米砷污染提供理论支持,以4个水稻（Oryza sativa L.）品种为材料,采用叶面喷施硅硒3种不同组合方式（喷硅、喷硒、硅硒共施）,测定水稻根、茎、叶、籽粒等器官的砷含量并进行比较分析,探索阻控稻米砷污染的机制。结果表明,所有处理均能显著降低水稻根砷含量;喷硒能降低所有品种的籽粒砷含量,降幅在17.1%~35.3%;喷硅处理表现因品种而异,美香占2号和五山丝苗喷硅处理籽粒砷含量增加,南晶香占和19香喷硅处理籽粒砷含量降低。籽粒砷含量由根砷含量占比及籽粒砷含量与叶砷含量的比值差异所决定。美香占2号和19香属于砷低积累品种,其特征是根对砷的高效截留及叶向籽粒的低效转运,能减少砷向籽粒转运;五山丝苗与南晶香占属于砷高积累品种,其特征是根对砷的低效截留及叶向籽粒的高效转运,促进砷向籽粒分配。相关性分析显示,美香占2号的砷转运方式主要是根-茎-叶;而南晶香占根吸收的砷无差别地向地上部各器官（茎、叶）高效转运。这些结果说明籽粒砷含量取决于砷的源头减量和器官分配双重机制,喷施硒可在源头减少砷且截留砷进入籽粒,喷施硅能降低根对砷的吸收但促进砷向地上部迁移。砷在地上部器官的截留因品种和处理方式而异。

关键词: 水稻（Oryza sativa L.）, 砷累积, 硅硒阻控剂, 叶面喷施, 品种特异性阻控, 源头减量, 器官分配

Abstract: To provide theoretical support for mitigating arsenic contamination in rice (Oryza sativa L.) grains, four rice cultivars were used as experimental materials, and three foliar application treatments of silicon (Si) and selenium (Se) were set up, including silicon application alone, selenium application alone, and combined application of silicon and selenium. Arsenic concentrations in rice roots, stems, leaves and grains were determined and comparatively analyzed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying arsenic immobilization in rice grains. The results showed that all treatments significantly reduced arsenic concentrations in rice roots. Selenium foliar spraying decreased grain arsenic concentrations in all cultivars, with a reduction range of 17.1%-35.3%. The effects of silicon spraying varied with rice cultivars: silicon application elevated grain arsenic concentrations in Meixiangzhan 2 and Wushansimiao, whereas it reduced grain arsenic concentrations in Nanjingxiangzhan and 19 Xiang. Grain arsenic concentration was governed by the proportion of arsenic retained in roots and the ratio of grain arsenic concentration to leaf arsenic concentration. Meixiangzhan 2 and 19 Xiang were classified as low arsenic-accumulating cultivars, characterized by strong arsenic retention in roots and low arsenic translocation from leaves to grains, which restrained arsenic transportation to grains. Wushansimiao and Nanjingxiangzhan were high arsenic-accumulating cultivars, featured by weak arsenic retention in roots and intensive arsenic translocation from leaves to grains, which facilitated arsenic allocation to grains. Correlation analysis indicated that arsenic translocation in Meixiangzhan 2 primarily followed the pathway of root-stem-leaf; by contrast, arsenic absorbed by roots of Nanjingxiangzhan was translocated indiscriminately and efficiently to all aboveground organs (stems and leaves). Collectively, grain arsenic accumulation was controlled by dual mechanisms consisting of arsenic reduction at the source and arsenic partitioning among plant organs. Foliar selenium application reduced arsenic uptake at the source and blocked arsenic translocation into grains. Foliar silicon application inhibited arsenic absorption by roots but accelerated arsenic migration to aboveground tissues. Arsenic retention in aboveground organs differed across cultivars and foliar treatments.

Key words: rice (Oryza sativa L.), arsenic accumulation, silicon-selenium amendment, foliar spraying, cultivar-specific mitigation, source reduction, organ partitioning

中图分类号:

S511

张玉山, 沈志华, 谭林, 杨俊文, 翁梓营, 曹森洋, 麦玉婵, 陈科良, 周嘉诚. 硅硒叶面喷施处理对水稻砷累积的品种特异性阻控效应[J]. 湖北农业科学, 2026, 65(8): 1-7.

ZHANG Yu-shan, SHEN Zhi-hua, TAN Lin, YANG Jun-wen, WENG Zi-ying, CAO Sen-yang, MAI Yu-chan, CHEN Ke-liang, ZHOU Jia-cheng. Cultivar-specific mitigation effect of silicon-selenium foliar spraying treatment on arsenic accumulation in rice[J]. HUBEI AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, 2026, 65(8): 1-7.

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