有机肥与微生物肥配施对西南地区葡萄园土壤养分及酶活性的影响

doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2026.09.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了明确有机肥与微生物肥配施对葡萄园土壤质量的综合提升效果,探索云南省昆明市五华区葡萄园的科学施肥模式。以2年生葡萄品种阳光玫瑰为材料,设置不施肥对照（CK）、单施高量（G2,135 g/株）与低量（G1,90 g/株）微生物肥、单施高量（B2,30 g/株）与低量（B1,20 g/株）有机肥及二者配施（G1+B1,90、20 g/株）共6个处理,于幼果期、膨大期和成熟期测定土壤主要养分含量与酶活性,并运用相关性分析和主成分分析对各处理进行综合评价。结果表明,各施肥处理均能提升土壤养分含量与酶活性,且配施处理整体优于单施处理。有机肥与微生物肥配施能有效增强土壤酶活性,加速养分循环与有效化过程,进而提升土壤综合肥力。相关性分析显示,土壤养分与酶活性间多呈显著正相关,有机质和全氮是驱动酶活性变化的关键因子。主成分分析提取的3个主成分累计方差贡献率达81.05%,综合得分排序为G1+B1>B2>G2>B1>G1>CK。G1+B1处理的综合表现最优,可作为西南地区葡萄园提质增效的推荐施肥方案。

关键词: 有机肥, 微生物肥, 配施, 葡萄园, 土壤养分, 酶活性, 西南地区

Abstract: This study aimed to clarify the comprehensive improvement effect of the combined application of organic fertilizer and microbial fertilizer on vineyard soil quality and to explore a scientific fertilization model for vineyards in Wuhua District, Kunming City, Yunnan Province. Two-year-old grapevines of the Shine Muscat variety were used as materials. Six treatments were set up, including a no-fertilization control (CK), high (G2, 135 g/plant) and low (G1, 90 g/plant) application rates of microbial fertilizer alone, high (B2, 30 g/plant) and low (B1, 20 g/plant) application rates of organic fertilizer alone, and their combined application (G1+B1, 90,20 g/plant). Main soil nutrient contents and enzyme activities were measured at the young fruit stage, the expansion stage and the ripening stage, and correlation analysis and principal component analysis were used to comprehensively evaluate each treatment. The results showed that all fertilization treatments increased soil nutrient contents and enzyme activities, and the combined application treatment was generally superior to the single application treatments. The combined application of organic fertilizer and microbial fertilizer effectively enhanced soil enzyme activities, accelerated nutrient cycling and availability processes, and thus improved the comprehensive soil fertility.Correlation analysis showed that there were mostly significant positive correlations between soil nutrients and enzyme activities, and organic matter and total nitrogen were the key factors driving the changes in enzyme activities. Three principal components were extracted by principal component analysis, with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 81.05%, and the comprehensive scores were ranked as G1+B1 > B2 > G2 > B1 > G1 > CK. The G1+B1 treatment had the best comprehensive performance and could be used as a recommended fertilization scheme for improving quality and efficiency in vineyards in southwest China.

Key words: organic fertilizer, microbial fertilizer, combined application, vineyard, soil nutrients, enzyme activity, southwest China

中图分类号:

S663

陈鹏, 李双晓, 史亮涛, 陆泽平, 李行, 陈丽美, 李小英. 有机肥与微生物肥配施对西南地区葡萄园土壤养分及酶活性的影响[J]. 湖北农业科学, 2026, 65(9): 40-47.

CHEN Peng, LI Shuang-xiao, SHI Liang-tao, LU Ze-ping, LI Hang, CHEN Li-mei, LI Xiao-ying. Effects of combined application of organic fertilizer and microbial fertilizer on soil nutrients and enzyme activities in vineyards in southwest China[J]. HUBEI AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, 2026, 65(9): 40-47.

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