气候因子对稻米品质形成及其影响机制的研究进展

doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.02.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 稻（Oryza sativa L.）米品质形成除受遗传因素影响外,气候因子发挥着很大作用,不仅直接影响稻米充实度、干物质积累速率及花粉育性,同时也对子粒淀粉合成相关酶活性有显著的调控效应,进而影响稻米品质形成。综合分析温度和光照两个主要气候因子对碾米品质、外观品质、蒸煮食味品质和营养品质的影响,结果表明,日平均温度低,昼夜温差大,光照度强和日照长度短有利于稻米整精米率和胶稠度提高,垩白率和垩白度降低,蛋白质减少;日平均温度高,昼夜温差小,光照度弱和日照长度短有利于碱消值和直链淀粉减少。在生产上,针对不同的气候条件,选择抗逆性强的水稻品种,耐高温、高光照或低温;加强天气预测,根据水稻灌浆结实期可能发生的天气状况,人工调节移栽日期以避过不利天气状况,同时配以合适的栽培管理措施以提高稻米品质。

关键词: 气候因子, 稻（Oryza sativa L.）米品质, 温度, 光照

Abstract: ： Besides genetic factors, climatic factors play an important role in rice（Oryza sativa L.） quality formation. In the process of growth and development of rice,climatic factors not only have some impact on enrich degree in rice,dry matter accumulation rate and pollen fertility and other aspects,also affect rice starch synthesis-related activity changes,and these are important factors in the formation of rice quality. The impact of climatic factors in the temperature and light were reviewed four aspects：milling quality,appearance quality,cooking and eating quality and nutritional quality. The results showed that the suitable temperature and light conditions were favorable for the improvement of head rice rate and rice gel consistency, reducing chalky grain rate and chalkiness degree,decreasing protein content,which were low in daily mean temperature, large temperature difference between night and day,strong light and short of sunshine length. The suitable temperature and light conditions for reducing the alkali value and reducing amylose content were high daily temperature, small diurnal temperature difference,weak light intensity and short sunshine length. In production,according to the different climatic conditions,choose rice varieties with strong stress resistance,such as thermostability,high light or low temperature. Strengthening weather forecast,according to the rice filling stage of possible weather conditions,manual adjustment to avoid adverse weather conditions at the same time with the transplanting date,suitable cultivation management plays an important role in improving the quality of rice.

Key words: climatic factors, rice （Oryza sativa L.） quality, temperature, light

中图分类号:

S511

吴海兵, 刘道红, 钟鸣, 汪友元. 气候因子对稻米品质形成及其影响机制的研究进展[J]. 湖北农业科学, 2019, 58(2): 13-18.

WU Hai-bing, LIU Dao-hong, ZHONG Ming, WANG You-yuan. Research Progress of Climate Factor on Quality Formation and Influence Mechanism in Rice[J]. HUBEI AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, 2019, 58(2): 13-18.

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