湖北农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 64 ›› Issue (3): 44-48.doi: 10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.03.007

• 资源·环境 • 上一篇    下一篇

生物有机肥对烤烟主要土传病害发生及其产质量的影响

陈发元1, 马骏1, 张鑫1, 吴方莲1, 翟霖顿2, 赵同舟2, 孙学成2, 黄鸿3,4   

  1. 1.贵州省烟草公司黔西南州公司,贵州 兴义 562400;
    2.华中农业大学资源与环境学院,武汉 430070;
    3.瓮福(集团)有限责任公司,贵阳 550016;
    4.中低品位磷矿及其共伴生资源高效利用国家重点实验室,贵阳 550016
  • 收稿日期:2024-09-09 出版日期:2025-03-25 发布日期:2025-04-17
  • 通讯作者: 黄 鸿,男,贵州贵阳人,高级农艺师,博士,主要从事新型肥料研发研究,(电子信箱) hong.huang@live.com。
  • 作者简介:陈发元(1990-),男,河南新安人,农艺师,硕士,主要从事烟叶质量评价研究,(电子信箱) 1020121165@qq.com。
  • 基金资助:
    贵州省烟草公司黔西南州公司科技项目(2021-05)

Effects of bio-organic fertilizer on the occurrence of main soil-borne diseases, yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco

CHEN Fa-yuan1, MA Jun1, ZHANG Xin1, WU Fang-lian1, ZHAI Lin-dun2, ZHAO Tong-zhou2, SUN Xue-cheng2, HUANG Hong3,4   

  1. 1. Qianxinan Prefecture Branch, Guizhou Provincial Tobacco Company, Xingyi 562400, Guizhou, China;
    2. College of Resources & Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
    3. Wengfu (Group) Co.,Ltd., Guiyang 550016, China;
    4. State Key Laboratory of High-efficient Utilization of Low- to Medium-Grade Phosphate Ore and Associated Resources, Guiyang 550016, China
  • Received:2024-09-09 Published:2025-03-25 Online:2025-04-17

摘要: 为明确添加生防菌剂的生物有机肥对烤烟土传病害的防治效果,设商品有机肥(T1,对照)和生物有机肥(商品有机肥∶哈茨木霉菌菌剂∶解淀粉芽孢杆菌菌剂按质量比为6∶1∶1复配,T2)2个处理,通过田间试验研究添加生防菌剂的有机肥对烤烟移栽30、50、70 d时烤烟青枯病、黑胫病和根结线虫病的发病率、病情指数以及烤烟产量和产值的影响。结果表明,移栽30、50、70 d时,与对照相比,T2对青枯病的防治效果分别为47.0%、66.6%和73.7%,对黑胫病的防治效果分别为38.8%、34.6%和11.7%,对根结线虫病的防治效果分别为60.0%、38.1%和22.2%,说明施用生物有机肥对烤烟青枯病的防治效果稳定且随着生育期推移呈上升趋势,而对黑胫病和根结线虫病的防治效果有限且以苗期效果较佳。与对照相比,T2的烤烟产量和产值分别增加10.6%和10.2%,上等烟占比增加12个百分点。哈茨木霉菌和解淀粉芽孢杆菌与商品有机肥复配的生物有机肥可明显降低烟草青枯病的发生,对烟草黑胫病和根结线虫病具有防治效果,同时提高了烤后烟叶产量、产值及上等烟占比,可在黔西南烟区进一步推广应用。

关键词: 生物有机肥, 有益生防菌, 烤烟, 土传病害, 产质量

Abstract: To determine the control effect of bio-organic fertilizer added with biocontrol agent on soil-borne diseases of flue-cured tobacco, two treatments of commercial organic fertilizer (T1, CK) and bio-organic fertilizer (commercial organic fertilizer,Trichoderma harzianum agent and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens agent was mixed at a mass ratio of 6∶1∶1, T2) were set up. A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of organic fertilizer added with biocontrol agents on the incidence, disease index of bacterial wilt, black shank and root knot nematodiasis at 30,50 and 70 days after transplanting, as well as the yield and output value of flue-cured tobacco. The results showed that, after 30, 50 and 70 days of transplanting, compared with CK, the control effect of T2 on bacterial wilt was 47.0%,66.6% and 73.7%, the control effect on black shank was 38.8%,34.6% and 11.7%, and the control effects on root-knot nematodiasis were 60.0%,38.1% and 22.2%, respectively, indicating that the control effects of bio-organic fertilizer treatment on flue-cured tobacco bacterial wilt were stable and increased with the growth stage,while the control effects on black shank disease and root-knot nematodiasis were limited and the best effect was at the seedling stage. Compared with CK, the yield and output value of T2 increased by 10.6% and 10.2%, respectively, and the proportion of superior tobacco increased by 12 percentage points. The commercial organic fertilizer combined with Trichoderma harziensis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens could significantly reduce the occurrence of tobacco bacterial wilt, have certain control effects on tobacco black shank disease and root knot nematodiasis, and improve the yield and output value of tobacco leaves after curing and the proportion of high-grade tobacco, which could be further promoted and applied in the tobacco-growing area of southwestern Guizhou Province.

Key words: bio-organic fertilizer, beneficial biocontrol bacteria, flue-cured tobacco, soil-borne diseases, yield and quality

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