湖北农业科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 65 ›› Issue (3): 84-90.doi: 10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2026.03.013

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农业废弃物肥料化利用任重道远——基于湖北省81家有机肥企业的调研分析

陈云峰1, 徐敏1, 付聪2, 詹广慧2, 詹亚斌1, 张智1   

  1. 1.湖北省农业科学院植保土肥研究所/农业农村部废弃物肥料化利用重点实验室,武汉 430064;
    2.湖北省农业农村厅畜牧兽医处,武汉 430075
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-24 出版日期:2026-03-25 发布日期:2026-04-09
  • 通讯作者: 张 智(1990-),男,安徽安庆人,副研究员,博士,主要从事废弃物资源化利用研究,(电子信箱)
    zhangz@hbaas.com。
  • 作者简介:陈云峰(1979-),男,湖北黄冈人,研究员,博士,主要从事农业废弃物资源化利用、土壤生态学和土壤肥料学研究,(电子信箱)chen971314@163.com。
  • 基金资助:
    湖北省农业关键核心技术攻关项目(HBNYHXGG2023); 湖北省重点研发计划项目(2023BCB073)

The long road ahead for fertilizer utilization of agricultural waste:A survey analysis based on 81 organic fertilizer enterprises in Hubei Province

CHEN Yun-feng1, XU Min1, FU Cong2, ZHAN Guang-hui2, ZHAN Ya-bin1, ZHANG Zhi1   

  1. 1. Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Waste Fertilizer Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430064, China;
    2. Division of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430075, China
  • Received:2025-10-24 Published:2026-03-25 Online:2026-04-09

摘要: 为了系统掌握有机肥企业在农业废弃物肥料化利用中的实际运行状况、技术瓶颈与发展诉求,于2021年11月至2024年8月,采用实地走访与问卷调查相结合的方式,对湖北省14个县(市、区)的81家有机肥企业开展全流程调研。结果表明,湖北省有机肥企业以私营为主(86.4%),43.0%的企业年产能在3万t及以下,开工率为63.5%。有机肥企业的主要原料为鸡粪(64.2%),辅料主要包括米糠等谷物加工副产品(79.7%)和作物秸秆(78.5%);88.9%的企业在生产过程中使用发酵菌剂。主流发酵工艺为槽式(56.2%)和条垛式(25.0%),发酵周期为30~60 d;产品以普通有机肥(90.1%)、生物有机肥(69.1%)和有机无机复混肥(42.0%)为主。近50%的企业无除臭设施,即使有也多采用添加除臭菌剂等简易方式。在企业诉求方面,65.6%的企业希望得到政府更多支持。有机肥行业整体仍处于初级发展阶段,技术上亟须突破原料前处理、功能菌剂应用与环境控制等短板;政策上应将有机肥企业纳入农业基础设施体系,统筹规划、协同推进,以实现农业废弃物高效、绿色、可持续的资源化利用。

关键词: 农业废弃物, 肥料化利用, 畜禽粪污, 秸秆, 发酵工艺, 有机肥企业, 调研分析, 湖北省

Abstract: To systematically understand the actual operation status, technical bottlenecks, and development demands of organic fertilizer enterprises in the fertilizer utilization of agricultural waste,from November 2021 to August 2024, a full-process survey was conducted on 81 organic fertilizer enterprises in 14 counties (cities, districts) of Hubei Province through a combination of field visits and questionnaire surveys. The results showed that organic fertilizer enterprises in Hubei Province were predominantly private (86.4%), 43.0% of enterprises had an annual production capacity of 30,000 tons or less, and the operational rate was 63.5%. The main raw material for organic fertilizer enterprises was chicken manure (64.2%), and auxiliary materials mainly included grain processing by-products such as rice bran (79.7%) and crop straw (78.5%). 88.9% of enterprises used fermentation agents in the production process. The mainstream fertilization processes were trough-type (56.2%) and windrow-type (25.0%), with a fermentation cycle of 30-60 days. The main products were ordinary organic fertilizer (90.1%), bio-organic fertilizer (69.1%), and organic-inorganic compound fertilizer (42.0%). Nearly 50% of enterprises lacked odor removal facilities, and even those that had them mostly adopted simple methods such as adding deodorizing agents. Regarding enterprise demands, 65.6% of enterprises hoped for more government support. The organic fertilizer industry as a whole was still in the early stage of development. Technically, there was an urgent need to break through shortcomings such as raw material pretreatment, functional agent application, and environmental control. Policy-wise, organic fertilizer enterprises should be integrated into the agricultural infrastructure system, with coordinated planning and collaborative advancement, to achieve efficient, green, and sustainable resource utilization of agricultural waste.

Key words: agricultural waste, fertilizer utilization, livestock and poultry manure, straw, fertilization processes, organic fertilizer enterprises, survey analysis, Hubei Province

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