湖北农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 64 ›› Issue (4): 153-157.doi: 10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.04.026

• 检测分析 • 上一篇    下一篇

城市厨余垃圾堆肥质量分析及潜在风险评价

赖金丽, 王晓燕, 张旭, 李剑颖, 任晓灵   

  1. 北京市城市管理研究院/生活垃圾检测分析与评价北京市重点实验室,北京 100028
  • 收稿日期:2024-09-09 出版日期:2025-04-25 发布日期:2025-05-12
  • 通讯作者: 任晓灵(1985-),女,河北石家庄人,高级工程师,博士,主要从事固废处理与环境保护研究,(电话)010-64683091(电子信箱)308500398@qq.com。
  • 作者简介:赖金丽(1985-),女,河北沧州人,高级工程师,硕士,主要从事固废处理与环境保护研究,(电话)010-64683091(电子信箱)lirenzwx@163.com。

Quality analysis and potential risk assessment of urban food waste composting

LAI Jin-li, WANG Xiao-yan, ZHANG Xu, LI Jian-ying, REN Xiao-ling   

  1. Beijing Municipal Institute of City Management/Beijing Key Laboratory of Municipal Solid Waste Testing Analysis and Evaluation, Beijing 100028, China
  • Received:2024-09-09 Published:2025-04-25 Online:2025-05-12

摘要: 为全面评估城市厨余垃圾堆肥质量及潜在风险,选取4个厨余垃圾处理点,设置4种厨余垃圾处理工艺,分别为高温好氧堆肥、动态好氧堆肥、快速制肥、就地制肥。结果表明,4个处理点进场厨余垃圾富含有机质和营养物质,重金属污染的风险较低,具有较高的资源利用潜力。4个处理中堆肥垃圾产出物的有机质含量、总养分含量符合NY/T 525—2021标准限量值要求,通过生物降解等处理技术,厨余垃圾被转化为富含有机质和多种养分的肥料。4个处理中样品均检测到As、Hg、Pb、Cd和Cr。高温好氧堆肥、动态好氧堆肥、快速制肥和就地制肥处理中样品的重金属单因子污染指数均小于1.0,属于清洁水平;样品的内梅罗综合污染指数分别为0.27、0.25、0.23、0.19,均小于0.7,结果为安全级别;样品的潜在生态危害指数分别为18.57、17.51、11.76、14.16,均小于150,结果为低潜在生态风险。评价结果可以更准确地评估堆肥产品质量,有效防治环境污染。

关键词: 厨余垃圾, 堆肥, 重金属, 风险评价

Abstract: To comprehensively evaluate the quality and potential risks of urban food waste composting, four food waste treatment sites were selected, and four treatment processes were implemented: high-temperature aerobic composting, dynamic aerobic composting, rapid composting, and on-site composting. The results showed that the incoming food waste at the four treatment sites was rich in organic matter and nutrients, with low risk of heavy metal pollution, indicating high potential for resource utilization. The organic matter content and total nutrient content of the composting products from the four treatments met the limits specified in the NY/T 525—2021 standard. Through biodegradation and other treatment technologies, the food waste was converted into fertilizer rich in organic matter and various nutrients.As, Hg, Pb, Cd, and Cr were detected in samples from all four treatments. The single-factor pollution index of heavy metals in samples from high-temperature aerobic composting, dynamic aerobic composting, rapid composting, and on-site composting was less than 1.0, indicating a clean level. The Nemerow comprehensive pollution indices of the samples were 0.27, 0.25, 0.23, and 0.19, respectively, all below 0.7, indicating a safe level. The potential ecological risk indices of the samples were 18.57, 17.51, 11.76, and 14.16, respectively, all below 150, indicating a low potential ecological risk. The evaluation results could more accurately assess the quality of composting products and effectively prevent environmental pollution.

Key words: food waste, composting, heavy metals, risk assessment

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