湖北农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 64 ›› Issue (5): 17-24.doi: 10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2025.05.004

• 资源·环境 • 上一篇    下一篇

河南省南阳市、三门峡市伏牛山系木生真菌物种多样性

马瑞1, 张道冉1, 高彦琪1, 杨倩雯1, 陈佳佳2, 张党权1, 陈圆圆1   

  1. 1.河南农业大学林学院,郑州 450046;
    2.江苏农林职业技术学院风景园林学院,江苏 镇江 212400
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-08 出版日期:2025-05-25 发布日期:2025-06-11
  • 通讯作者: 陈圆圆,副教授,主要从事森林保护学研究,(电子信箱)cyuan091@163.com。
  • 作者简介:马 瑞(1999-),女,陕西榆林人,在读硕士研究生,研究方向为林学,(电子信箱)marui86680@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(31900017)

Species diversity of wood-inhabiting-fungi in Funiu Mountains of Nanyang City and Sanmenxia City,Henan Province

MA Rui1, ZHANG Dao-ran1, GAO Yan-qi1, YANG Qian-wen1, CHEN Jia-jia2, ZHANG Dang-quan1, CHEN Yuan-yuan1   

  1. 1. College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China;
    2. College of Landscape Architecture, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Zhenjiang 212400, Jiangsu, China
  • Received:2025-02-08 Published:2025-05-25 Online:2025-06-11

摘要: 对河南省南阳市、三门峡市伏牛山系木生真菌进行调查和采集,共收集到483份样本,结合形态学和分子生物学研究方法共鉴定出147种真菌,隶属于子囊菌门(Ascomycota)2纲3目3科3属3种、担子菌门(Basidiomycota)3纲9目43科97属144种,发现河南省新纪录种33种。优势科为多孔菌科(Polyporaceae)和锈革菌科(Hymenochaetaceae),优势属为栓孔菌属(Trametes)、韧革菌属(Stereum)和灵芝属(Ganoderma)。根据区系地理成分,可将研究区木生真菌的科区系分为世界广布科、北温带分布科和热带-亚热带分布科3种类型,属区系分为世界广布属、北温带分布属、热带亚洲-热带大洋洲分布属、泛热带分布属、热带-亚热带分布属和中国特有属6种类型。将伏牛山区与周边相邻地区和保护区的木生真菌区系相似性进行对比,得出伏牛山区与秦巴山的木生真菌相似性系数最高。由木生真菌资源评价结果可知,共有9种食用菌、34种药用菌、16种食药兼用菌、16种毒菌,其中包含1种毒药用真菌。根据《中国生物多样性红色名录——大型真菌》对该区域木生真菌受威胁状况进行评估,有85种被评为无危(LC),31种由于数据不足(DD)而没有深入评估,未予评估(NE)物种27种,近危和易危物种各有2种。

关键词: 木生真菌, 物种多样性, 区系分析, 资源评价, 伏牛山系, 南阳市, 三门峡市

Abstract: The wood-inhabiting-fungi of Funiu Mountains in Nanyang City and Sanmenxia City of Henan Province were investigated and collected, and 483 samples were collected. A total of 147 fungal species were identified using both morphological and molecular approaches. Among them, 3 species were classified in 2 classes, 3 orders, 3 families, 3 genera in Ascomycota, and 144 species were classified in 3 classes, 9 orders, 43 families, 97 genera in Basidiomycota. Among these, 33 species were newly recorded in Henan Province. The dominant families were Polyporaceae and Hymenochaetaceae, while the dominant genera were Trametes, Stereum and Ganoderma. According to the analysis of floristic geographical components, the family-level of wood-inhabiting-fungi of the study areas was divided into three types, including world cosmopolitan families, north temperate families and tropical-subtropical families. Fungal genera were classified into six distribution patterns, including the cosmopolitan genus, the north temperate distribution genus, the tropical Asia-Australasia distribution genus, the pantropical distribution genus, the tropical-subtropical distribution genus, and the China-endemic genus. The floristic similarity of wood-inhabiting fungi between Funiu Mountains and adjacent mountains and protection zone were compared, and the results revealed the highest similarity coefficient between Funiu Mountains and Qinling-Bashan Mountain. According to resource evaluation, 9 edible species, 34 medicinal species, 16 dual-purpose species (edible-medicinal), and 16 toxic species (including 1 toxic-medicinal species) were identified. Threat status assessment following Redlist of Chinas Biodiversity-Macrofungi classified 85 species as least concern (lc), 31 as data deficient (dd), 27 as not evaluated (ne), 2 as near threatened (nt) and 2 as vulnerable (vu).

Key words: wood-inhabiting-fungi, species diversity, floristic analysis, resource evaluation, Funiu Mountains, Nanyang City, Sanmenxia City

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